40 IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY 
The cook brought most of the provisions to the cook-house and 
soon had a fire going; our Fiji man and boy helped carry the 
eases to the quarters, while Thomas, Glock and I got as many 
things under shelter as we could, placing them in one of the 
little houses near the shore where they would be safe for the 
night. 
Kalidin, the cook, did nobly and served a supper of tomato soup, 
ham, potatoes, rice, bread and butter and coffee that certainly 
tasted good after our hard work and fast since early breakfast. 
We retired early for we wanted to get a prompt start in the 
morning for the first day’s real reef work. 
We arose at six the next day, just as the sun was about to rise 
in a blaze of glory, and took a dip in the surf at a good beach of 
smooth sand on the east shore. The surf was quite heavy, the 
bottom stony a little way out and, we were somewhat afraid of 
an undertow which was evident but which proved not to be 
dangerous. One is likely to be rolled and scoured over the stones 
as the surf breaks high on the beach and surges back amid the 
grinding of pebbles and rolling of loose stones. Swimming is 
difficult under such circumstances so we satisfied ourselves with 
a few dives through the oncoming breakers and returned to our 
veranda for a fresh-water shower and rub-down. 
We dressed in reef costumes of shirt, trousers and heavy shoes 
to withstand the sharp rocks of the flats, as well as broken shells 
and sea urchins’ spines. Our Fijians were clothed in breech-clouts 
only. Each of the party took a fiber bucket and a number of 
stoppered bottles of various sizes, and one of us always carried a 
‘‘erow foot’’ bar for overturning rocks and breaking loose the 
various things found cemented to the reef. The Fijians took 
spears for securing the larger fish, a sport which they keenly en- 
joyed and at which they, especially the man Alfred, were remark- 
ably efficient. 
Although the fauna of the flats and reefs of Makuluva will re- 
ceive detailed description in a subsequent chapter, its general 
facies can best be shown by extracts from my notes on my first 
day’s work, June 8th. 
The most conspicuous animal on the inshore flats was a big blue 
starfish somewhat allied to Linckia, often with six rays. Of echini 
there were the common Echinometra lucunter, a fragment of a 
petalostichan test; very fine urchins with barred purplish brown 
and white spines of two kinds, a shorter ordinary set, and another 
