74 IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY 
pearl oysters, a Lima and a number of other inconspicuous forms. 
The Gastropoda were greatly in the majority among the mol- 
lusks of the reefs, many of them being quite conspicuous for their 
beauty. Many fine Cypreas were collected. One of these, C. mon- 
eta, has been used as money and is the well known cowry shell. 
We noticed that a string of these cowry shells was attached to the 
great kava bowl used by Ratu Popé and we were told that they 
indicated that the bowl was the property of a chief. There were 
many specimens of the more showy sort, such as Cameo, Murex, 
Pteroceros, and Conus. <A very beautiful Triton was found, oc- 
eupied by a large scarlet hermit crab. The shell has very promi- 
nent rounded corrugations alternating with quite minute ones. 
The verruce on the whorls are quite distinct but the surface is 
smooth and one edge is expanded into a ribbon-like border with 
distinct reddish-brown markings. The small corrugations are 
broken up into fine nodules in the grooves between the whorls. 
Among the Conide we found a number of forms, one being the 
largest Conus that I have seen, measuring five inches in length. 
Unfortunately, however, it was an old and badly worn specimen 
in which the color markings had been destroyed. Another Conus 
was much smaller, but beautifully marked with rich reddish brown 
and white scale-like spots of rather irregular form, but each out- 
lined by a dark, almost black, edge, giving a beautiful mosaic 
effect. Another interesting mollusk was an Astralium three inches 
wide by about two inches high, differing from many Turbos in 
having quite distinet whorls. The entire surface was covered with 
fine, closely set frills or ruffles that passed obliquely across the 
whorls, while the convexities of the ruffles formed lines of pro- 
minence arranged at right angles to the ruffles themselves. This 
curious frilled appearance extends to the lower surface of the 
shell, almost to the columella, the aperture itself being frilled, ex- 
cept on its columellar side. Another form, apparently a Trochus, 
was abundant and had the solidest operculum I have seen, it be- 
ing practically hemispherical in shape. We were told that these 
shells were collected and sold to Indian and Japanese firms for the 
manufacture of buttons. 
Doubtless a conchologist would find numerous interesting things 
among the smaller and less conspicuous gastropods which we se- 
eured at Makuluva, but I am not sufficiently informed to do this. 
I find, however, the following generic names which are only ap- 
proximately correct, in my notes, and they may serve to indicate 
