FIJI-NEW ZEALAND EXPEDITION 330 
abruptly against subdued escarpments. They are worn down 
fault blocks as described on a previous page. 
Kingston is the railway terminus and is at the south end of 
Lake Wakatipu. This lake is in a deep ice-gouged valley fully 
fifty miles long, S-shaped, and 1200 feet deep. At Kingston a 
strong moraine dams the valley, and the lake has found an out- 
let near its mid-length at Queenstown by way of Kawarau Falls 
into a river system other than that to which its drainage area 
originally belonged. Beyond Kingston travel is entirely by 
boat, and the journey from this point to Queenstown by moon- 
light with the rising moon dodging in and out among the peaks 
of the ice-covered mountains was a sight of rare beauty and 
charm. 
The Remarkables are all that the name suggests. The crest 
of the range is well over 7000 feet high and only three or four 
miles from the lake whose surface is but a little more than a 
thousand feet above the sea. Obviously the slope from the lake 
shore to the crest is decidedly steep. The summit of the Re- 
markables towered above the thick ice of the Pleistocene while 
their sides for thousands of feet above the lake were smoothed 
and worn by ice action. This makes their tops appear very 
rough and saw-toothed by contrast, and when covered with 
snow and ice they are a beautiful sight. The Richardson, Eyre, 
and Humboldt ranges enclose other sides and segments of the 
lake. All these mountains have been glaciated, and they record 
the results of ice sculpturing on a grand scale. Glock remained 
at Queenstown and climbed the high eminences in the vicinity 
of Ben Lomond and Bowen Peak gaining a glorious panorama 
of the Remarkables and adjoining mountains. The writer pro- 
ceeded up to the end of the lake to see Dart valley which leads 
up to Paradise and to Mt. Earnslaw (9165 ft.) on which is a 
good sized glacier. The Dart river has built an extensive delta 
which encroaches upon the upper end of the lake for some miles 
above Kinloch and Glenorchy. A strong stream rising in the 
Richardson mountains near the north end of the lake built an 
enormous delta into glacial lake Wakatipu when its surface due 
to ice dams and other obstructions was much higher than it is 
today. When the lake level subsided the Glenorchy delta was 
left above the level of the present lake. Valleys subsequently 
cut through the delta reveal its structure unusually well. Local- 
ly this dissected delta is called the ‘‘Open Bible.”’ 
