24 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL CARNATION GROWING. 
in cultivation. The coloured plate can be seen by anyone who 
cares to refer toit. It is plate 39 of the Botanical Magazine. 
“Mr, W. Curtis, writing from his Botanic Garden, Lambeth 
Marsh, said : ‘Carnations which are cultivated from age to age are 
continually producing new varieties, hence there is no standard as to 
name, beauty, or perfection amongst them but what is perpetually 
fluctuating. Thus the Red Hulo, the Blue Hulo, the Greatest 
Granado, with several others celebrated in the time of Parkinson, 
have long since been consigned to oblivion, and it is probable that 
the variety now exhibited may in a few years share a similar fate, 
for it would be vanity in us to suppose that the Carnation, by 
assiduous culture, may not in the eye of the florist be yet con- 
siderably improved.’ Thus wrote Curtis, referring to the Bizarre 
Carnation in 1787. We are in a position to judge how far the 
improvement has gone. 
“Referring to the yellow ground Picotee, the yellow Carnation 
was introduced to this country in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and 
developed into the yellow ground Picotee early in the seventeenth 
century. 
“T have Hogg’s ‘ Book on the Carnation,’ published seventy years 
ago, before me ; it contains a chapter on the yellow Picotee. He 
states that it was abundant in many countries, and that the Empress 
Josephine, wife of Napoleon I., had an admirable collection of yellow 
Picotees at Malmaison, also that Queen Charlotte and the Princesses 
had a superb collection of yellow Picotees at Frogmore. Hogg 
gives the names of fifty-three varieties, and adds that many more 
were in cultivation. The colours were also said to be very bright 
and vivid. We may take it that they were more like yellow ground 
Fancies than the modern type of Picotee. 
“The standard of excellence for florists’ flowers, including the 
Carnation and Picotee, was fixed by half a dozen old florists meeting 
CROSS FERTILISATION. FIG. 9 (NEXT PAGE).—FANCY 
FORM OF CARNATION. 
F,expanded bloom of yellow ground Fancy Carnation: h, flower stem; 
z, pedicel; 7, basal bracts; %, calyx; /, petals (yellow ground, slightly 
edged and flaked scarlet, neither a Carnation nor a Picotee, yet some- 
thing of both, very bright). Staminate and pistillate organs not visible. 
G,a flower after removing all the petals (in this instance forty-eight) : m, 
bracts ; 2, calyx (pod) with six segments; 0, stamens, with fertile 
anthers; p, stamens devoid of anthers; g, styles and stigmas of pistil 
(three). 
H, section of a flower denuded of petals: 7, stem; s, pedicel; ¢, bracts ; 
wu, calyx; v, support to ovary, to which petals were and stamens are 
attached ; w, stamens, mostly situated in the calyx tube; 2, ovary 
with ovules; y, styles of pistil; z, stigmas. 
Pollen, magnified. 
