26 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL CARNATION GROWING. 
inaroom at Cambridge more than fifty years ago, and no florists’ 
special society has meddled with their dictum since. 
“The yellow ground Picotees, so much admired by the Queen of 
England and the Empress of France in the early years of the 
nineteenth century, were flowers of a much richer, deeper yellow 
than any now in existence. The modern Picotee has to conform to 
the standard of the florists—the flowers must be of good form, with 
large, broad petals; no spot or bar ought to be seen on their glossy 
surface, except the marginal line of colour running round the edge 
of each petal. This is rose, red, or purple, and may be of different 
widths. No rule is laid down for this. The royal and imperial 
ladies who admired the yellow ground Picotees did not confine 
their admiration to square and rule. Hogg gives a coloured plate of 
one in his book, and none of our present day flowers is of so deep a 
yellow; the markings, of a rich crimson scarlet, would drive a 
modern florist to do something desperate, but they made an artist 
seize his colour box and pencils, and some lovely pictures are in 
existence from Jan Van Huysum downwards. 
“T favour a well formed, well marked florists’ flower myself. I 
CROSS FERTILISATION. FIG. 10 (NEXT PAGE).—MALMAISON 
FORM OF CARNATION. 
I, outdoor grown bloom of Souvenir de la Malmaison Carnation: a, stem; 
6, stem leaves; c, flower bud pushed from axil of stem leaf; d, pedicel 
or flower stalk proper; e, bracts; f, calyx; g, petals, blush when 
fully expanded; A, anthers of stamens, Pistillate organs not visible. 
J, section of a flower after removing petals: i, stem; j, flower stalk; 4, 
bracts ; 7, calyx; m, stamens; 7, filaments; 0, anther (note stamens in 
calyx tube); », support of ovary to which the petals were and the 
stamens are attached; g, ovary with apparently normal ovules; 7, 
styles of pistil; s, stigmas of pistil developing as the flower fades (per 
dotted outlines), seldom extending beyond the height of the calyx 
tube, and very feeble in stigmatic surfaces, possibly the cause of 
Malmaison Carnations not seeding. 
K, innermost petal collateral with stamens and with stamen sprung from 
its claw: ¢, claw of petal; w, petal expansion; 2, filament of stamen; w, 
anther of stamen, usually extended as per dotted outlines. 
L, flower bud at stage for close emasculation: 2, flower stalk; y, bracts; z, 
calyx ; a, petals ; ), point for cutting through bract and calyx, also claws 
of petals, then slipping off the upper part—some of the stamens will 
be left, and these, if removed, will leave the pistillate organs intact. 
(This is suggested in order to secure more complete development of the 
styles and stigmas, thus possibly rendering them receptive of pollen 
and capable of effecting fertilisation.) 
M, section of a flower bud: c, flower stalk; d, bracts; e, calyx; f, petals; 
g, stamens; /, support of ovary ; i, ovary with ovules; /, styles of 
pistils; 4, stigmas of styles. 
Pollen, magnified. 
