28 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL CARNATION GROWING. 
have had seventy first class certificates awarded me for seedlings 
of my own raising of Auriculas, Carnations, and Picotees from the 
National Society alone since it was founded, exactly thirty years 
ago. But there are many very beautiful flowers, outside the 
standard of excellence laid down by the florists, which have their 
admirers. For instance, the Fancy Auriculas, which I have grown 
and admired for twenty years, have scarcely any worshippers, and 
the late Mr. R. Dean used to give them his benediction annually 
the week after the Auricula Society’s exhibition ; but, on the other 
hand, when [I first exhibited a group, a well known artist, the late 
Mr. Harrison Weir, admired them greatly, and the late Dowager 
Lady Howard de Walden at the same exhibition thought them 
superior to any others; but they both had artistic tastes, and 
were not even aware of standards of excellence. 
“The flaked Carnation shown on p. 19 is stated to be of 
exhibition form. It is what the florists want, but they have not 
yet obtained one of such symmetrical build ; and if such a flower 
were laid out ona card, it might obtain the award of premier at 
the exhibition. But the general admirers of flowers for their 
sweetness and beauty are not yet educated up to this kind of 
thing, and the process of education does not go on so rapidly as 
CROSS FERTILISATION. FIG. 11 (NEXT PAGE),—MARGUERITE 
CARNATION. 
N, expanded double flower of Marguerite Carnation: 7, stem; m, bracts ; 
n, calyx ; 0, petals; p, stigmas of styles just visible in the centre of the 
flower. The stamens are sometimes, but not always, externally dis- 
cernible amongst the central petals. 
O, section of double flower denuded of petals: g, flower stalk; rv, bracts; s, 
calyx; ¢, stamens; wu, filaments; v, anther; w, support of ovary, to 
which the petals were and the stamens are attached; x, ovary with 
ovules; y, styles; z, stigmas. 
P, expanded single flower of Marguerite Carnation: a, stem; 3, bracts; ¢, 
calyx; d, petals ; e, narrow, style-like parts, but really staminate (see 
section Q); f, styles, two, with simple stigmas. Flower abnormal. 
Q, section of single flower of Marguerite Carnation denuded of petals: g, 
bracts; A, calyx; 7, stamens (only ones with anthers located in the 
calyx tube) ; /, style-like parts, but really stamens, neither transformed 
into petals nor terminated by anthers, yet if any pollen is produced in 
these it is at the tips; 4, support of ovary, to which the petals were 
and the stamens are attached, also the petal claw-like staminate pro- 
cesses 7; /, ovary with ovules; m, styles; m, stigmas. 
Rh, detached, style-like stamen, probably indicating passing of stamen into 
petal: o, filament or claw; y, point where the anther should be, or 
broadening into a petal, and where pollen, if any, is produced in 
such staminate organ. 
Pollen, of both double and single flower, magnified. 
