14 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL CARNATION GROWING. 
did not enjoy the favour of the great flower loving public; but 
such famous florists as the Rev. Charles Fellowes, Mr. Charles Turner, 
and Mr. Ben Simonite kept the flower alive. The beautiful Yellow 
Grounds languished even in the estimation of specialists, owing to 
their weak constitution, but when vigour was imparted they rapidly 
became popular. The Yellow Ground Fancies, flowers with colour 
flaked across the petals, were in special favour at the opening 
of the twentieth century. 
It is hardly necessary to point to the great popularity now enjoyed 
by Tree or Perpetual Carnations, and by Malmaisons, for pot work. 
They are grown by everybody, and will receive their due measure of 
attention in this work. 
Chapter Il.—Cross Fertilisation. 
MopeErRN Carnations are a great advance in size, form, and length of © 
pod on the older varieties. The last is one of the most important 
points to be considered, especially for border varieties, which 
include all classes—Selfs, Flakes, Bizarres, Fancies, and Picotees. 
Nearly all of these have a tendency to burst the calyx, and thus, at 
times, produce ragged blooms. The formation of the bud should be 
carefully considered in selecting seedlings. Althougha promising seed- 
ling may burst in the open border and not under pot culture, there 
CROSS FERTILISATION. FIG. 4 (NEXT PAGE).—THE WAVY EDGE 
TYPE—SCARCE AND REPLETE POLLEN EXAMPLES. 
M, expanded flower of Ketton Rose Carnation: v, basal bracts; w, calyx; 
x, petals; y, anther, only one visible; z, stigmas. 
N, bloom M denuded of its petals when these commenced fading : a, pedicel ; 
b, basal bracts; c, calyx or pod unburst; d, stamens, with filaments 
elongated beyond the anthers, petal-like, coloured rose; ¢, styles, 
sete pase after the petals began fading; jf, stigmas, feathered and 
viscid. 
Pollen, top left hand corner, of M, N, magnified. 
O, a flower of a semi-double seedling Carnation, with smooth edge petals: 
g, basal bracts; h, calyx ; i, petals; 7, anthers, prominent, in the centre 
of the flower, no pistillate organs being visible. This is given as an 
example of a pollen bearing parent, recourse having sometimes to be had 
to such for effecting fertilisation in certain cases. 
P, section of the flower O after removing the petals: k, basal bracts; J, 
calyx ; m, short and defective stamens in calyx tube; , bold stamens 
and anthers, pollen laden; o, ovary; p, styles; g, stigmas, all well 
formed. Such a flower is capable of self-fertilisation. 
Pollen, lower right hand corner, of O, P, magnified. 
See also Chapter I. 
