12 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL CARNATION GROWING. 
Mr. Martin Smith continues to introduce splendid novelties every 
year. Mr. Douglas, Mr. H. W. Weguelin, Mr. Sydenham, Mr. C. H. 
Herbert, and others second his efforts, and there is little room to fear 
that the work of improvement will cease. There are those who begin 
to speak of finality, but we have seen that this was talked of a quarter 
of a century ago. In this connection it is interesting to record that 
Mr. Martin Smith, standing amidst his 1905 novelties— themselves a 
great advance on anything previously brought out—declared to the 
writer his conviction that, so far from the cross fertiliser’s work 
being nearly complete, it is only beginning. It is the matured and 
deliberate belief of the greatest Carnation raiser of all time that the 
future has in store for us varieties as far surpassing the best of the 
present time as the latter do those of a quarter of a century ago. 
In view of this fact, it is not necessary to apologise for saying 
more about a flower which has already had great attention from 
authors. Chaucer made allusion to it. Gerarde, Parkinson, Lyte, 
and Rea all give it attention. It did not escape the notice of 
Shakespeare. The old authors spoke of it as the Clove, Gilofré, or 
Gilliflower ; but to the great bard it was the Carnation. 
The old classification of the flowers still lives, with certain 
modifications. Thus we still use the terms Bizarre (two distinct 
colour markings), Flake (one colour striped through the petals), 
Selfs (one colour), and Picotees; but whereas modern Picotees 
have the colour on the edge only, the groundwork being pure white 
or yellow, the old Picotees were spotted. 
Doubtless the old florists were a little too rigid in their rules. 
They looked too much to the model show flower, and too little to the 
garden plant. Consequently, there were periods when the Carnation 
CROSS FERTILISATION. FIG. 3 (NEXT PAGE).—THE 
SERRATED FLOWER TYPE. 
H, a flowering branch of Raby Castle Carnation, flower large, full petalled, 
with serrated edges: wu, side branchlet with two flower buds; v, buds to 
be cut off if pollination is decided upon ; w, flower bud at the stage for 
close emasculation ; z, point of cutting through the calyx for removing 
the portion above and admitting of the removal of the petals and 
stamens; y, expanded bloom, no stamens or pistillate organs visible. 
I, section of the expanded flower Hy: z, pedicel; a, basal bracts; 4, calyx; 
c, petals; d, stamens; e, ovary; f, styles; g, stigmas (developing as the 
petals fade). 
J, section of the flower bud Hw h, pedicel; i, basal bracts; 7, calyx; &, 
petals; 7, stamens; m, ovary; 7, styles; o, stigmas. 
K, detached stamen from the flower bud J, showing that the bud would 
probably produce bolder pollen than the central flower if allowed to 
expand: y, filament; g, anther. 
L, close emasculated flower bud Hw; r, point where the calyx has been cut; 
s, ovary; ¢, styles; wu, stigmas. 
Pollen, magnified. 
See also Chapter II, 
