8 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL CARNATION GROWING. 
were out of the question, probably they were never thought of. Mr. 
Dodwell grew Carnations with the object of securing a certain 
number of flowers conforming to a fixed florists’ standard. Within 
his limits he was highly successful. He became a great force amongst 
Carnation specialists, and was the paramount figure in the National 
Carnation Society. One of his most active sympathisers and helpers 
was the late Mr. Richard Dean. Presently there came a split, and 
Mr. Dodwell, breaking away from the National Society, formed an 
organisation of his own. He retired from business and moved to 
Oxford, where he had a much larger garden, which he filled with pits 
for growing prize Carnations in pots. 
The writer has a vivid recollection of a summer day spent at 
one of Mr. Dodwell’s annual réunions. The excellent old enthu- 
siast was at his best and happiest when his garden was full of 
Carnations and Carnation lovers. He was getting into years, and 
growing feeble, but he crept about in cheerful mood, and was 
kindness and cordiality itself. The active work of the show was 
carried out by Mr. Dean, the very embodiment of resistless energy. 
When in due season Mr. Dodwell passed away the Oxford shows 
soon ended. 
The rise of the Carnation as a garden flower may almost be said 
to date from Mr. Wm. Robinson’s acquisition of Gravetye. This 
great hardy plantsman cared not a jot for florists’ standards. His 
aim was a hardy, vigorous, free-blooming plant, capable of giving a 
good garden effect. With a capable and earnest grower in Arthur 
Herrington, the clever son of an obscure Kentish gardener, he taught 
hardy flower lovers the great value of Selfs for garden decoration. 
He searched for varieties that did not split their calyx, and found 
them. One of his earliest discoveries was Countess of Paris, a large 
and bold blush flower of fine form. Germania, which originated in 
CROSS FERTILISATION. FIG. 1 (NEXT PAGE).—THE 
PARTS OF THE FLOWER. 
A, a flowering branch of Carnation or Clove Pink, Dianthus Caryophyllus, 
as not infrequently occurs in gardens among plants raised from seed : 
a, stem; J, leaves ; ec, pedicel or flower stalk; d, calyx (five toothed, 
furnished at the base with imbricated bracts); e, petals (five, cut or 
serrated); /, stamens (either equal to or double the number of the 
petals—in the latter case five are alternate with the petals, and five are 
opposite them); g, pistil (ovary one celled, many ovuled, styles two, 
bearing the stigmas on their internal surface). 
B, section of a flower bud at the stage for close emasculation: h, basal 
bracts ; i, calyx; j, petals; %, stamens, consisting of filament 7 and 
anther m ; n, pistil, comprising ovary or ultimate capsule o, styles p, 
and stigmas ¢. 
C, calyx of an expanded flower: 7, imbricated bracts at the base; s, calyx, 
commonly called a ‘‘ pod”’; ¢, calyx tube. 
Pollen, magnified. 
See also Chapter IT. 
