64 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL CARNATION GROWING. 
open weather in March may be chosen for planting. Of course, 
the same regard should be had for firmness. 
A great many amateurs may have no home stock from which 
to draw material for filling their beds. These may purchase their 
plants in March, April, or even May, but very late planting should 
be avoided, as it is desirable to get the plants well established, 
and making grass, before the hot weather comes. 
The simplest way of planting is in straight rows of single plants 
about 16 inches apart. The front row may be 8 inches from the 
edge, and the second double the distance behind, the plants in 
these being “angled” with the front row, that is, the first plant 
in the second row is not exactly behind the first plant in the 
front row, but equidistant between the first and second plants, so 
that the three form a triangle. To give a very bold effect the 
plants may be “triangled” in clumps (L and O at a) or planted 
in blocks of five, one plant at each corner of a 16-inch square, and 
one in the centre (M). With abundance of plants the whole of the 
three systems may be adopted with magnificent effect in a wide 
OUTDOOR CULTURE. FIG. 28 (NEXT PAGE).—PLANTING. 
J, aplant from a layer, carefully lifted: 7, hole made with the trowel, using 
a line to keep the rows straight, and also a measuring rod or rule to 
ensure the distances being equal; s, plant placed in position; ¢, ground 
level or depth of planting, all the best of the foliage being left above 
the surface. 
K, a plant from a pot: w, ball; », surface. 
L, plants arranged in equilateral order, sometimes practised in beds, but 
more commonly in borders, to give a good effect at a certain point, the 
plants being 16 inches apart, one at each angle of the triangles. 
M, a group of plants arranged in quincunx order, as is sometimes practised 
on borders to form a fine clump of bloom, four plants being put at each 
angle of a square, 16 inches apart, and one plant in the centre. 
N, a bed properly planted: w, alleys not less than 18 inches wide; 2, bed, 
4 feet wide, plants 16 inches apart, the outside row 8 inches from the 
alleys. 
O, a bed planted in two ways: y, alleys, 3 feet wide; 2, portion of the bed 
with plants 16 inches apart; a, portion of the bed with the plants in 
equilateral triangles, 16 inches from clump to clump (centre to centre), 
a mode sometimes adopted when the plants are required to supply 
abundance of blooms for cutting. 
P, a portion of a border: 4, turf or gravel; c, border raised about 8 inches 
above the grass or border level, and with a slight rise to the back ; 
d, portion with plants 16 inches apart, the outside row 8 inches from 
the edge ; ¢, a portion planted for effect, the outside row 8 inches from 
the edge, and the plants (single) 16 inches apart, the next row in 
equilateral triangles, 16 inches from centre to centre, the back row in 
quincunx groups, 16 inches from centre to centre; f, evergreen shrubs, 
such as Rhododendrons, with Hollies at the back, these affording shelter 
from north and east winds, while the Carnations and Picotees have 
every advantage of light and air. 
