130 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL CARNATION GROWING. 
with water in which 6 oz. of soft soap has been dissolved is good. 
Sulphide of potassium discolours white paint and has a disagreeable 
smell. Blue water is, therefore, preferable for use under glass. It 
may be made as follows: 1. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., carbonate of 
soda 10 oz., liquid ammonia 7} fluid oz., water 53 gallons. Dissolve 
the sulphate of copper in 4 gallon of hot water, in another vessel 
dissolve the carbonate of soda, mix the two solutions, and when all 
chemical reaction has ceased add the ammonia and dilute to 
53 gallons. 2. Ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate : Copper 
carbonate 14 0z., aqua ammonia (26°) 15 fluid oz., water 9 gallons. 
The copper carbonate is first made into a thin paste by adding 
73 fluid oz. of water. The ammonia water is then slowly added, and 
a clear, deep blue solution is cbtained when diluted to 9 gallons. 
Dusting the plants with a powder compounded of 1 lb. of tobacco 
powder and } oz. of finely powdered sulphate of copper, well mixed, 
has given good results, alike as regards aphides, thrips, and against 
fungoid pests. Dust the plants on the under, as well as the upper, 
surface of the leaves very lightly with the powder every two or three 
weeks as a preventive. 
All diseased leaves should be picked off and burned. By con- 
sistently attending to this point the disease does not spread, and 
there is the advantage that spores or sclerotia are not carried over 
the winter. This is particularly advisable in the case of outdoor plants, 
but timely attention to spraying or dusting will prove effective. 
ANIMAL ENEMIES. FIG. 63 (NEXT PAGE).—GOUT OR EELWORM, 
TYLENCHUS DEVASTATRIX. 
A, a diseased Carnation infested by stem eelworm: a, the collar of the plant 
(junction of stem with soil); 4, the lower part of the leaves (which show 
large, whitish, or yellowish patches, swollen and contorted)—these are 
affected with the nematodes; c, the upper part of the leaves narrowed 
and prevented from developing; ¢, the central axis or growing point 
stationary, the condition of the plant commonly referred to as ‘‘ fuzzy,”’ 
a very old term for the swollen and soft nature of the affected plants. 
B, stem eelworms, Tylenchus deyastatrix, from the infested leaves of A: 
e, male; f, female. 
C, ova or so-called eggs of the stem eelworm froma decayed portion of the 
plant A: g, ovum or egg; /, cyst or celworm developing; i, eelworm 
or larva emerging. 
D, a Carnation in the second year affected with rootstem eelworm, T. obtu- 
sus: s, old leaves withered; /%, grass stunted, weak, and dying back at 
the tips; 7, an excrescence on the stem just below the ground, some- 
times at the collar and above the surface of the soil, popularly called 
gout. When thus affected the plants frequently collapse at flowering 
time ; m, normal roots. 
ova or eggs from the decayed portion of the swelling on the stem of the 
plant D: z, an eelworm developing in the cyst; 0, wormlet or larva 
emerging. 
F, rootstem eelworm, T. obtusus: py, male; ¢, female, 
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