132 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL CARNATION GROWING. 
IV.—Carnation Macrospore. 
This pest forms pale spots, often in large patches, on the leaves 
and stems of Carnations, which look as if they had been scorched. 
Frequently the tops of the leaves become pale in colour, sometimes 
almost white, then shrivel and die back. The flower buds do not 
open, or else they develop the petals very indifferently. The spots 
are irregularly scattered, and the extent of the discoloration is due to 
the mycelium of the fungus being widely diffused in the tissues. On 
these patches of disease small black spots appear sooner or later, 
alike on the stems and both surfaces of the leaves. These are the 
fruits of the fungus, which spring from the mycelium in the tissues 
of the stem or leaves, bursting through the cuticle, and ultimately 
becoming scattered. The clusters of threads bear the conidia, which 
are large and pale olive brown, subcylindrical, pear shaped, irregular, 
divided transversely from four to ten times, each division being again 
subdivided by longitudinal partitions into somewhat cubical cells, i in 
amuriform manner. Each cell of the conidium is capable of germin- 
ation. Later in the season minute numerous black sclerotia are 
embedded in the dead, diseased parts. These act as resting spores, 
and reproduce the disease the following spring. 
It is possible that the disease commences as a saprophyte on 
parts of the leaves that have been cut back in layering, these 
decaying more or less and becoming buried in the soil in trans- 
planting. From this saprophytic mode of life it passes to a 
parasitic. It is all important that all portions of diseased plants 
should be destroyed, and the plants kept perfectly free from all dead 
and decayed parts. If this is attended to, and the parts are burned, 
there will be little danger of the disease spreading. 
Spraying with a solution of potassium sulphide or of ammonical 
copper carbonate is quite effectual, if practised at intervals of 
a fortnight or three weeks as a preventive. Culturally the same 
conditions as advised for spot should be attended to, damp and 
decaying matter being favourable to the fungus. 
V.—Gout or Eelworm 
This disease was long known to Carnation growers as “fuzzy,’ 
from the lower part of the leaves being swollen and the upper part 
attenuated and green, while the basal portion had a whitish or 
yellowish appearance. The growth of Carnations being arrested, the 
central part remaining stationary, was by old practitioners regarded 
as due to too rich, sodden, and sour soil, with imperfect drainage. 
The remedies applied were usually lime, soot, and salt, the diseased 
plants being cleared away and burnt. ‘About 1880, the Rev. M. J. 
Berkeley found that the fuzziness was infested, if not caused, 
by nematoid worms, and this has been confirmed by subsequent 
investigations. 
An affected plant is readily detected by the large whitish or livid 
patches that appear on the leaves, usually at the base, growth being 
