EOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 135 



side of a fence, or in a frame wliere tliey can be 

 shaded from the sun ; it is necessary to make tlie 

 cuttings firm in the soil, leaving about an inch of 

 the top above the ground, with one or two leaves 

 thereon ; give them a sprinkling of water every 

 evening for a few weeks, when they will be rooted, 

 and may then be left to take their chance ; if put 

 in in June, they will form strong plants before 

 winter; but where they are only required to a 

 limited extent, layering will be found the safest 

 method, and will always produce a good strong 

 plant. For this purpose, select a shoot in August, 

 about a foot long ; cut and place it into the ground 

 as directed for layering, in a former part of this 

 work. When fully rooted, about the end of 

 October, they can be cut off and put away into 

 winter-quarters, either by the heels in a frame, or 

 planted into pots. They must be shaded from the 

 sun for a few days after removal, and will be 

 greatly strengthened by having their tops cut ofl', 

 only leaving one, or at most two branches, six to 

 eight inches long. Those of robust habit do not 

 make handsome standards ; they shoot away into 

 irregular forms, and require to be repeatedly 

 trimmed into shape during the growing season. 

 Summer pruning has been strongly urged upon 

 the horticulturist by many writers in Europe, 



