146 THE OAK 
On the Continent heavy oak is used in machines, for 
axletrees, spokes, stamps of mills, anvil-stocks, hammer 
handles, &e. 
Oak is much used for carving of all kinds, large 
furniture, panelling, parquetry, for the felloes, spokes, 
and axles of wheels, and for other parts of waggons, &c. 
In cooperage it is much used for the staves, &c., of casks, 
measures, sieves. 
Split oak makes excellent palings and shingles, and 
oak vine-props are only second to those of chestnut. 
Walking-sticks are also made of oak, and even water- 
pipes have been used, but they taint the water. 
