GYNIFS KOLLARI. 103 



May be sought during any month of the year. 



Growth is complete by the end of August. 



The typical condition of the gall is unilocular and unilarval. 



The larva pupates in the gall. The imago emerges during 

 September and October. 



Parasites, Nos. 44, 51, 52, 54, 57, 61, 68, 108, 116, 179. 

 Inquilines, Nos. 17, 130, 132, 134, 137. 



Alternate sexual generation: (According to Beyerinclc), 

 Andricus circulaiis, Mayr. 



" These galls are not acorns, as the oak would have 

 willed that they should be, but are the nearest approach 

 to acorns that the oak can produce under its affliction. 

 . . . The gall consists of two parts, — the larger is 

 spherical . . . and represents the carpel of the 

 acorn, or the acorn proper, and the saucer-sha23ed 

 cushion, on which it rests, represents the cupule 

 or cup, or calyx ; the small pointed process 

 exactly opposite the point of attachment being the 

 persistent stigma of the acorn." E. Newman, ' The 

 Entomologist,' No. 135, p. 28^. 



A very great amount of interest surrounds this gall. 



The casual observer is attracted by its globular 

 form ; warm . brown colour ; solid and hard texture. 

 Noticed by such, usually when hedgerows are leafless, 

 or perhaps in a collection of galls, or in a museum 

 case, little thought is given to its rightful place in gall 

 nomenclature ; consequently it is more frequently 

 spoken of as the oak-apple, than 1)y its correct name 

 of oak-marble. 



The gallist, however, regards the In-ownish sphere 

 as replete with most interesting features. 



At one time it was the subject of a great amount of 

 entomological literature, and correspondence ; and 

 probably its remarkable qualities Avill continue to 

 furnish themes for many writers. 



Cijnips Kollari made its appearance in England 

 about seventy-four years ago. In the year 1834 it was 

 observed in Devonshire by Mr. Jordan, but he did 

 not make the discovery known to entomologists, until 



