CYNIPS KOLLAIU. 107 



The gall may be sessile and axillary upon the side 

 of a stout branch or shoot, hr it may be terminal 

 npon a thin stem a few millimetres only in length, 

 or securely affixed to a long slender twig. An 

 example of the latter character, found by the author 

 at Hastings in 1895, is of a glol^ular specimen, 66 mm. 

 in girth, situated terminally on a twig 38 cm. long, 

 and not more than 8 mm. in diameter throughout 

 its entire length. 



Normally the gall is globular. It is smooth all 

 over, except at the pole opposite to that of attachment 

 to the twig where it bears a small, sharp-pointed 

 style (which is occasionally l^ifid), chocolate brown in 

 colour. It consists of dead tissue, and is sometimes 

 described as the pseudo-stigma, and the pseudo-carpel. 

 It can be recognised during early development. 

 When normal development of the gall is arrested early 

 by parasites, or inquilines, the style is accentuated 

 (Plate XXXVI, figs. 7, 8). 



Many oak-marbles gathered in winter and spring, 

 have numerous small dark brown excrescences upon 

 them which have pushed their Avay through the 

 exterior of the gall. Hitherto these appear to have 

 been known as brown bodies. In January, 1908, the 

 author, believing them to be due to fungoid agency,' 

 sent specimens to the Eoyal Herbarium at Kew. They 

 were there identified as being attacked by the fungus 

 Phoma gaUorum, Briard, a species for the first time 

 recorded as occurring in Britain. See Plate XXXIX, 

 div. A. 



The surface of the gall frequently has one or 

 many small conical protuberances upon it (Plate 

 XXXV), which vary much in size and height. 

 There may be only one (figs. 17, 18), or as many as 

 twelve or fifteen (fig. 7), all separate (figs. 10, 11), 

 or coalescent in the form of a ridge (fig. 8), or 

 ridges (fig. 5). For these conical elevations I 

 propose the name of papillae. They are quite distinct 

 in shape from the style. They arise gradually from 



