CYNIPS CALICIS. 148 



Cynips calicis, Burgsdorff. 



(Plate LXI, div. A.) • 



English name of gall. — " The Kuopper GJ-all." 

 Position of gall. — On the cupules uf Q. pedunculata. 

 From Jersey, the Channel Isles. 



This gall is plentiful on the Continent where it is 

 known as the " Knopper Gall " (the gall-nut). 



It occurs principally on Qnercus pedunculata, but 

 also on Q. sessiliflora, and makes its appearance in 

 May and June. 



It consists of two parts, a thick outer cone-shaped 

 structure, and a small larva cell. The outer structure 

 develops from between the acorn and the cupule, 

 sometimes interfering with the growth of both those 

 parts to so great an extent that they are abortive. It 

 assumes the shape of a truncated cone strongly ribbed 

 radiately, the edges of the ribs being uneven, indented, 

 or drawn out to a |)oint especially around the base. 

 At the apical part is a small hole. The interior is 

 hollow, approximately the same shape as the exterior, 

 usually about 12 mm. diameter, and 4 mm. at the hole. 

 In some specimens a thin transverse partition divides 

 the interior into two parts. Attached to the base of 

 this hollow is the larva cell, which is ovoid in shape, 

 5 mm. long and o mm. broad. 



The imago eats its way out through the base of the 

 radiate structure, or, through the partition and escapes 

 through the hole, during February or March of 

 the following year. 



The structure remains attached by the peduncle to 

 the tree throuo-liout the winter. 



I am not aware of any record of its occurrence in 

 England. The specimens illustrated were forwarded 

 to me from Jersey in 1902. I think, however, it is 

 not improbable that it may make its appearance in 

 the southern counties, and therefore include it in the 

 present series. 



A free or loose inner gall, like that of G. calicis, is 

 also found in galls produced by G. cerricola on twigs 

 and bark of Q. cerris, on the continent. 



