has been used in the Indian tribes, by the Medicinemen, as a smoking | 
material mixed with another root or two and a little tobacco to give 
a person a severe nausea, in oder to secure a handsome fee for making _ 
him well again. Zris fœlidissima has been used by the ancient 
Greeks, and possibly J. Pseudacorus, which was described by 
Albertus Magnus who differentiated between it and Iris germanica. 
In this connetion, it is interesting to note that in England the seeds 
of Iris fatidissima were used as a substitute for coffee. 
Thus we see by the bits found here and there in history that the 
Iris family has long been intimately associated with the home lives 
and health of the people. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
1848 TitpEN AND Company Lasoratory, /ris Formula, Tilden and Com- 
_pany’s Book of Formulas, p. 62. 
1872 Groves (Henry), Orris Root, Jour. Applied Science, Sept. 1, 1872. 
(Amer. Jour. Pharm, 44, p. 518). 
1873 LanperEr, Phosphorescence of Orris Root, Wittstein’s Viert. Schr. 
1873, 68-74, from Schweiz. Wochenschr. (Amer. Jour. Pharm. 45, 
p. 70). 
1875 Maiscu (John M.), Oùl of Orris (Oleum Iridis florentinæ) Pharm. Cent. 
Halle, 1875, 19 (Amer. Jour. Pharm. 1875, 47, 302). 
1876 Frickicer (Friedrich, A.), [ris florentina, Documente zur Geschichte 
der Pharmacie, Halle 1876, p. 96. (Amer. Jour. Pharm. 48, p. 365). 
1876 Friickiger (Friedrich, A.), Oil of Orris. (Amer. Jour. Pharm., 48, 
p. 411). 
1877 (Trade Notes), Oil of Orris Liquid (Amer. Jour. Pharm. 49, p. 421). 
1885 Frickicer (Friedrich, A.), Orris (Amer. Jour. Pharm., p. 57, 133). 
1894 Tiemann (F.) and Kriicer (P.), Violet Perfume, Ber. 26, p. 2675. 
(Jour. Chem. Soc. 66, p. 80) (Schimmel et C°, Semi-Annual Report 
1894, p. 67), 
1894 Dr Laine (G.) and Tiemann (F.), Zridin, the Glucoside of Violet Roots, 
Ber. 26, p: 2010 (Jour. Chem. Soc. 66, p. 47). 
1895 Kraemer (Henry), The Violet Perfumes (Amer.Jour. Pharm.67, p. 346). 
1897 ScuimMEL AND Company, Jonone. Semi-annual Report, April 1897, 
p. 63. 
1897 ScuimMeEt AND Company, Concrete Violet. Deutsche Chem. Zeit. 1897, 
XII, 385 (Analyst 23, p. 14). 
1897 Tucker (Allen), Chemistry of Orris Root (Amer. Drug and Pharm. 
Record XXX, p. 171). 
1897 CoviLLE (Frederick V.), Iris missouriensis as a Medicinal Plant of the 
Klamath Indians. U. S. Nat. Herb. V. 2, 1897 (Pharm. Review, 
Vol. XV, p. 163). 
