OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. efor 
appendaged, ns¢ black. Inflorescence a simple raceme or panicle; pedicels 
solitary, not jointed, with green or greenish or rarely scarious bracts, or naked. 
Leaves with transverse veinlets, except in Heioniee. 
Exceptions. Anthers introrse in Tofieldiee ; filaments adnate in Melanthium. 
Style none or undivided in Narthecium. Capsule loculicidal in Narthecitum and 
Xerophyllum. Seeds horizontal in Tofieldia and Pleea. 
TrizeE XIII. Veratreze. Perianth-segments several-nerved, often adnate 
to the base of the ovary. Anthers cordate or reniform, dehiscent by a con- 
tinuous slit and peltate after opening: stigmas terminal: capsule membranous, 
3-beaked by the short persistent styles: seeds with thin loose testa, not caudate 
or appendaged: stem usually leafy, from a tunicated bulb or thick rootstock : 
leaves not rigid. 
* Flowers usually polygamous: cells of the usually ovate-oblong capsule 
not divaricately divergent above, dehiscent to the base: seeds several (4 to 
many) in each cell, not turgid, oblong to linear, angled, or flattened and 
margined. 
+ Inflorescence pubescent, racemose-paniculate, usually staminate below: 
seeds flat, whitish, mostly broadly margined: stems tall and leafy, from a 
thick rootstock with fleshy-fibrous roots: leaves linear-oblanceolate to sub- 
orbicular. 
39. MxrLantuium. Flowers cream-color or greenish, rotate, shorter 
than the slender spreading pedicels; segments orbicular to ob- 
lanceolate, conspicuously biglandular or glandless, the filaments 
adnate to the narrow claw; perianth free from the ovate-oblong 
capsule. 
40. VreraTruM. Flowers cream-color, greenish, or purple, more or 
less spreading, usually exceeding the short stouter pedicels; 
perianth slightly adnate to the ovary ; segments oblanceolate to 
rhombic-ovate, glandless or rather obscurely glandular. Leaves 
strongly nerved and more or less plicate, 
+ + Inflorescence glabrous: flowers perfect or polygamous: seeds linear to 
narrowly oblong, angled or slightly margined, more or less brown: root bulbous 
(except in one species of Zygadenus) : leaves linear. 
41, StenanTHIUM. Flowers white, greenish, or purple, nodding or 
subsessile in usually paniculate racemes. Perianth adnate to the 
base of the ovary; segments lanceolate, acuminate, without 
glands. Seeds 4 in each cell, angled or somewhat flattened. 
42. ZyGapENus. Flowers white or greenish, erect, in paniculate or 
simple racemes. Perianth often adnate at base ; segments oblong- 
lanceolate to ovate, mostly glandular and usually somewhat 
narrowed at base. Seeds angled, rarely at all margined. 
43, SCH@NOCAULON. Flowers small, mostly green, nearly sessile 
in a simple many-flowered spike-like raceme (usually sterile 
