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of every description, and now so generally acknow- 
ledged and understood, that few gardens or new 
grounds are now made without this first and all- 
important work being well carried out ; therefore it 
is necessary to be done in cases where it has been 
previously neglected. 
After being assured that the drainage of the soil 
is perfect, let the ground intended for the Rosery be 
trenched to the depth of eighteen inches to two feet, 
and thrown up into ridges as the operation proceeds. 
If this is performed in the autumn, a few frosts and 
drving winds during winter will soon make the 
stiftest soil friable and in good working condition ; 
when it has become dry, mellow, and pulverised, let 
it be levelled down and formed into beds, or other- 
wise properly arranged for the reception of the 
plants. Good rotten manure will then be all that 
is required to be added, and of this let a good 
thick dressing be well incorporated with the soil 
where the Roses are to be planted. 
With ordinary black garden soils, spoken of as 
being prevalent in town gardens, mix the stiffest 
loam that can be procured, and less of stable manure, 
for this latter will tend to lighten the soil, which we 
want to make as stiff as possible. If the loam has a 
tendency to clay, it will be all the better, and 
instead of stable manure let liquid manures be used 
during the growing season. This kind of soil should 
be trodden as firm as possible, and the plants would 
be greatly benefited by a mulching of manure placed 
upon the surface. 
Gravelly soils will require to be loosened to the 
