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depth, if possible, of eighteen inches, but should the 
subsoil be of a very gravelly nature, it should not 
be brought to the surface. This description of soil 
soon eats away or exhausts a quantity of manure, 
hence the term a “hungry soil.” Liberal dressings 
must be given, and those which are the most lasting 
and cooling are the best, such as cow dung and pig 
dung, A mixture also of stiff loam and decayed 
vegetable matter of any kind will greatly improve 
them. 
Sandy soils will require somewhat similar treat- 
ment to the above, but if very light and shallow will 
demand a greater abundance of loam, or clay would 
be preferable. They would also be greatly bene- 
fited by having the manure placed upon the surface, 
which would prevent excessive evaporation during 
hot weather. Whatever manure is mixed with the 
soil should be well decayed, and, if possible, use cow 
dung or night soil. The soil should be loosened to 
the depth of eighteen inches, and loam or clay mixed 
with it to the depth of twelve or fifteen inches ; 
afterwards make it as firm as possible. Peat and 
bog soils are both much improved by an admixture 
of loam. Trench as recommended for loamy soils. 
Burnt clay may be here used with the greatest 
advantage — indeed, it is serviceable to every 
description of soil; and perhaps few materials im- 
prove old, worn-out soils so much as burnt earth, 
wood ashes, and wood charcoal. In low, damp 
situations it will be well, in preparing the ground, to 
elevate the soil in the beds six or eight inches above 
the surface level. In the bottom of the bed a layer 
