36 
in spring, as soon as the sap rises and the buds 
are observed to be swelling. When the shoots. 
are very long, it will often be necessary to shorten 
them a little at the time of planting, so as to prevent 
them from being blown about by the wind. Never 
allow them to be pruned closely down when newly 
planted. 
Protrctine. — Nearly the whole of the Tea- 
scented, China, and Noisette Roses will require 
protection during winter. Some of the most hardy 
will not require it unless the weather be very severe. 
The best and surest method to adopt with all the 
tenderest budded Roses grown on standards, is 
to have them taken up about November and planted 
underneath a south wall, here they can be readily 
and easily protected during severe frost. The 
plants being put in closely together, a few mats 
nailed to the wall will suffice to cover them. The 
mats need only to be put on during severe frost, 
but should it continue any length of time an extra 
covering should be provided with additional mats or 
straw. In favourable localities where frost is not so 
severe, sufficient protection might be given with 
coils of haybands being wound round the heads 
of the plants, first of all securely staking them, and 
drawing the branches up closely together. 
For the tender sorts upon their own roots or 
budded low down, a good protection is afforded 
by placing half-decayed leaves and rotten manure 
two or three inches thick upon the surface of the 
beds. Moss may be used instead of leaves, but 
should be pegged down or otherwise secured to 
