30 
is destroyed without the immediate onset of death. Often 
the hyaloplasm is seen to form a wall, which separates 
different portions of the contents. If abnormal plasmolysis 
is produced with, for example, 10°/, potassium-nitrate 
solution then the hyaloplasm forms a wall round the 
contracted vacuole. 
Às I!) have previously stated, it may not be assumed 
that this wall is a special organ and accurately represents 
that part of the protoplast which in the cell constitutes 
the lining of the vacuole. 
If dilute chloral-hydrate or phenol solutions act on the 
living cells, other phenomena are again observed *). Cyto- 
plasm collects round the nucleus and, taking up water, 
forms a vesicle whose wall again consists of hyaloplasm 
and whose content except for the nucleus is chiefly an 
aqueous solution. Smaller vesicles are formed on the 
suspensory threads. 
If instead of the last mentioned solutions a 5 ?/, solution 
of ether (5 parts by weight of ether and 95 parts by 
weight of distilled water or ditch water) is used, then the 
death of the protoplasts is accompanied by the following 
phenomena. Cytoplasm flows towards the nucleus and 
collects there; the suspensory-threads are detached and 
are taken up by the protoplasmic mass, which has a 
granular appearance; round the nucleus a vesicle forms, 
which lies quite free in the cell-sap. The wall of the 
vesicle is again composed of a hyaloplasmic layer; the 
nucleus is seen lying inside the vesicle and between the 
protoplasmic wall of the vesicle and the nucleus there 
is an aqueous solution, in which some granules can be 
distinguished. The protoplasmic wall is at first fluid and 
MC. ps and 92. 
2) C. van Wisselingh, Untersuchungen über Spirogyra. Botan. 
Zeiting. 1902. Heft VI. S. 121 ff. 
