CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 401 



lot; and lot No. 4, composed of seven very sick pigs, in a couple of small 

 open pens in the barn-yard, separate from any of the yards occupied by 

 the others. The medicines, too, had been given according to directions. 

 On examining the several lots on October 24, 1 found in lot JSTo. 1 a small 

 pig, a so-called runt, that showed symptoms of disease. It belonged to 

 lot No. 3, but being very small had crawled through the fence. It was 

 immediately removed, and afterwards killed for post mortem examina- 

 tion. In lot No. 2 a sick pig was also found, which was likewise removed. 

 In lot No. 3 nearly all the animals showed more or less plain symptoms 

 of disease, but none were very bad or dangerously sick. Lot No. 4, as 

 stated, contained the worst cases, and was originally composed of seven 

 animals, but the number had been reduced to fi.ve, for one had died, 

 and another had escaped over the rather low fence. Of these five ani- 

 mals, two, on examination, proved to be very sick. 



The post mortem examination of the small pig, mentioned above, re- 

 vealed the usual morbid changes in the lungs and in the heart to a lim- 

 ited degree, and nothing extraordinary except a firm adhesion (or union 

 by firm connective tissue) between the posterior part of the left lobe of 

 the lungs and the costal pleui*a. 



Left more medicines — carbolic acid and hyposulphite of soda — with 

 directions how to use them, with Mr. Gilchrist. 



Went again to Mr. Gilchrist's on October 31, and found that the two 

 very sick pigs and one of the others of lot No. 4, and a few of lot No. 3, 

 had died, and that all others were doing well. In order to learn the final 

 result I visited IVIr. Gilchrist's herd once more, on December 16, and 

 found that no deaths, and no plain cases of sickness, had occurred in 

 lots Nos. 1 and 2, with the exception of the pig which was removed 

 from lot No. 2 on October 24, and died afterwards. Lot No. 2 had been 

 removed early in November to another yard or place, a piece of plowed 

 ground. In lot No. 3 comparatively very few deaths had occurred. 



It must be stated that during the whole experiment none of the hogs 

 or pigs received any water except such as was pumped by a windmiU 

 fiom a deep well. Formerly the animals had access to a little streamlet 

 proceeding from some springs. The medicines (the carbolic acid and the 

 hyposulphite of soda) were given simply on account of their antiseptic 

 and disinfecting prox)erties, because there was reason to suppose that 

 the water used for drinking, notwithstanding it was pumped from a deep 

 well, might become infected, or be contaminated by Schizomycetes or 

 disease-germs floating in the air while exposed. It was pumped by a 

 windmill into a large and open wooden trough, situated in close prox- 

 imity to the pens of lot No. 4, and adjoining on the other side the old 

 swine-yard, occupied by lot No. 3. From this trough the water was car- 

 ried in buckets to lots Nos. 1, 2, and 4, and carried by means of a pipe 

 into lot No. 3. 



3. Mr. Henry Rice's herd. — I visited Mr. Eice's place, about eight miles 

 northeast from Oquawka, for the first time on October 17. His hogs 

 and pigs had the run of the barn-yard and of two large pastures, one of 

 which contained water, and had also access to the stack yard, which 

 contained old straw stacks. I found nine decidedly sick auiiuals, and 

 five dead ones. Of the latter three were very much putrefied ; one had 

 died but two hours before, and the other died while I was there. Con- 

 sequently I had an opportunity of making two post mortem examina- 

 tions. The pig which had been dead two hours — an animal probably 

 six months old and iu good condition as to flesh — was examined first. 

 The morbid changes were as follows: Lymphatic glands enlarged, blood 

 coagulated and separated into dark clots and yellowish-colored serum, 

 26 Aa 



