CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 407 



Graham was not at home, but as several dead pigs were lying about im- 

 buried, I was permitted to make a> post-morte^n examiuation and to take 

 all the material wanted. I chose a barrow about six months old, 

 which had died, probably, not over an hour before. The carcass, which 

 was but little emaciated, presented the following morbid changes : The 

 skin on lower surface of abdomen, betAveen the fore-legs, &c., was of a 

 reddish-purple color; lymphatic glands enlai'ged; about five or six 

 ounces of yellowish or straw-colored serum was found in the chest ; 

 about three-fourths of the whole pulmonal tissue of the left lobe and 

 more than one-third of the pulmonal tissue of the right lobe of the lungs 

 was morbidly changed, that is, presented hepatization in various stages 

 of development, and, therefore, a mottled or marbled appearance; at 

 several places there was adhesion between pulmonal and costal pleuras, 

 and between pulmonal pleura and diaphragm ; a few Strongyli paradoxi 

 in the finer bronchia) of the posterior portions of the lungs, but none 

 anywhere else ; about half of the whole surface of the pulmonal pleura, 

 even where not adhering to thewaU of the chest, coated with exudation 

 and rough ; heart but little changed ; some serum in pericardium. In 

 the abdominal cavity, stomach entirely destitute of any food, but con- 

 taining several entozoa and a quantity of yellowish mucus ; spleen en- 

 larged to about three times its normal size ; pancreas somewhat changed, 

 presenting on its external surface small yellowish specks, resembling 

 detritus ; bile dark colored and thick ; liver, sub-venal glands, and kid- 

 neys without any \nsible morbid changes ; large intestines almost with- 

 out any food or feces, but containing a considerable quantity of intensely 

 yellowish-colored mucus; no ulcerous tumors anywhere, but mucous 

 membrane of large intestines somewhat swelled or thickened. I took 

 pieces of the anterior portions of both lobes of the lungs and one of the 

 glands of the mediastinum for further examination and for exi)erimental 

 purposes {cf. below). 



Went again to ]\Ir. Graham's, at his solicitation, on January 12, when 

 he asked me to take charge of his herd and promised to comply with 

 my directions in every particular. Of the one hundred and thirty hogs 

 and shoats originally constituting his herd about seventy had died, 

 forty-niue were yet eating, though by no means perfectly healthy or free 

 from any infection, and the others were more or less sick, some of them 

 dangerously. The forty-nine animals mentioned were removed to a 

 large pen or inclosure made for them in the orchard, on high and dry 

 ground, where they received clean food (corn) and no water except 

 such as was i)umped from a well. The inclosure was free from old 

 straw, rubbish, «S:c., and the ground was bare. In my former experi- 

 ments I treated the diseased animals with hyposulphite of soda, and 

 met with very poor success, and used carbolic acid as a i)reventive med- 

 icine. In this present case I concludod to put the well-known antiseptic 

 and disinfecting j)ropertics of the hyposulphite of sorla to a test, and to 

 give that di'ug as a preventive and in somewhat larger doses than for- 

 merly — three times a day a tea-spoonful to every hundred pounds of 

 live weight — in the water for drinking to the forty-niue animals shut 

 up in the orchard. The other shoats which were evidently sick I left to 

 the treatment of Mr. Graham, with some " sure-cure medicine" of some 

 Iowa men, styling themselves, I believe, " The National Hog Cholera 

 Company." It may be remarked here, to avoid repetition, that Mr. 

 Graham's hogs (those separated and kept in the inclosure in the orchard) 

 consumed from January 12 to February 8 twenty-five pounds of hypo- 

 sulphite of soda furnished by me and several pounds (four or five) 



