CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 481 



occurs, even in cases wMch. have a fatal termination. Submucous ex- 

 travasation is probably the cause of these gangrenous patches. Around 

 them the tissues are infiltrated, and more or less injected, while beneath 

 the texture is injected or ecchymosed, and red or green in color. 



The third compartment sometimes contains food, which is hard, dry, 

 and friable ; at other times it is soft and pulpy. In the first case, the 

 epithelium of the leaves is readily detached, and adheres to the cakes 

 of aliment removed from between them. This epithelium also exhibits 

 granulo - adipose degeneration. The leaves themselves are injected 

 wholly or partially, and ecchymoses and eschars may be present in 

 them ; they are also easily torn. In the fourth compartment and small 

 intestines the contents are at first normal; buttheysoon change, and there 

 is found a small quantity of thick, yeUow, brown, or even blood-colored 

 fluid. The mucous membrane is covered by a viscid, grayish-yellow, or 

 reddish mucus. The caecum and colon at this period contain a frothy 

 mass of a brownish, sometimes sanguinolent, fluid. The rectum has a 

 thick viscid mucus adhering to its inner surface. If the disease pursues its 

 course, the debris detached from the intestine is mixed with exudations 

 and extravasations to form a viscid, albuminoid, whitish-yellow, brown, 

 or red fluid, in which are shreds and the detritus from the membrane. 



When an animal has been killed in the early stages of the disease, 

 and the mucus has been carefully removed from the mucous membrane 

 of the stomach, it is found that the surface of the latter is irregular, and 

 that its tissue is infiltrated and injected to a degree corresponding with 

 the seriousness of the attack and the stage the malady has reached. 

 The abnormal color, varying from" a brick-red to a reddish brown, is 

 generally diffuse, but is most marked at the pyloric portion, attaining 

 its maximum of intensity towards the fr'ee borders of the folds. Sub- 

 mucous extravasations are also fr^equently met with in this part, difler- 

 ing in size from a fine point to a large patch. In the small and large 

 intestines there also exist, at this period, analogous alterations ; but, 

 while the redness of the abomasum is usually diffuse, in the smaU intes- 

 tine it generally appears in the form of transverse striae, which are 

 crossed by lighter-colored longitudinal streaks, this intercrossing form- 

 ing a somewhat regular i)attern. These extravasations are common in 

 the small intestine, but the infiltrations and exudations are not so 

 frequent in the abomasum. In the duodenum the alterations are usu- 

 ally more intense than in the remainder of the intestine, and it is not 

 rare to find in it a very marlccd diffused redness and much sanguine 

 effusion. The congestion is often greatest around the solitary glands 

 and Peyer's patches, whose volume is more or less increased. Fre- 

 quently the areolated aspect of these patches is most conspicuous at the 

 termination of the first i)eriod. The same lesions are found, but in a 

 less degree, in the large intestines. In these the most salient pojtions, 

 such as the borders of the valvulse, are the -pavts which are the most 

 deeply colored and most extensively ecchymosed. The infiltration is 

 greatest if diarrhea has not been present. 



In cases where the disease has made considerable progress, the lesions 

 are still more characteristic. The mucous membrane of the abomasun 

 mid intestine is deeper colored, often blue or black, and in the duodenum 

 of animals which have succumbed, it may even be uniformly black, 

 \N liih,' the petechffi and ecchymoses are more numerous. In the aboma- 

 sum, but oftenest in the intestine, towards the fifth day of the disease, 

 there api)ears a pigmentation, ^'arying from a bright gray to a slate 

 color, or even darker, and which talce&'the place of the abnormal color 

 due to the blood. This appearance is flrisfc noticed in the rectum, and 

 31 Aa 



