REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. roti 
tia; ““Chapowamsie” Island at the mouth of the creek of that name; the site of the 
village of ‘‘Potowomeck” on Potomac Creek; the shell deposits of Goose Creek, a 
branch of Port Tobacco River; the great shell mounds of Pope’s Creek, and the oys- 
ter dredging stations about the mouth of Wicomico River. Many sites upon the 
west shore of Chesapeake Bay and on the Patuxent River; also many village sites 
upon the James, most of them mentioned and located by Capt. John Smith, were 
visited and examined. These include ‘‘Chesapeac,” on Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia, 
“Nansamund,” on Chuckatuck Creek, west of Norfolk; Jamestown Island; ‘“Cha- 
wopo,” ‘‘Paspahegh,” and ‘ Quiyoughcohannock,” near Clearmont; ‘‘Weanock,” on 
Eppes Island, opposite City Point; and ‘‘Powhatan” just below Richmond. The 
art remains procured from these historic James River sites are identical in nearly 
every respect with the Potomac and Chesapeake relics, a fact which bears strongly 
upon the question of the unity of the art remains and the identity of the peoples of 
the tide-water country. 
Mr. Gerard Fowke entered upon his duties as assistant archeologist on May 1, 1891. 
He began at once the exploration of the James River Valley, and at the close of the 
year was making excavations in an ancient cemetery near Gale, Allegheny County, 
Va. The object of that work, aside from the usual archeologic explorations, is to 
determine the western limits of areas occupied by the Algonquian tribes and the 
eastern limitations of the various groups of peoples belonging to the west. 
As above mentioned, the field work upon mound explorations, which for several 
years had been under the charge of Prof. Cyrus Thomas, was discontinued except so 
far as was found necessary to correct some errors and supply some omissions. Mr. 
Henry L. Reynolds was the only one of the former assistants in the mound division 
who was retained. He was engaged during the early part of the last fiscal year in 
making examinations and resurveys of certain ancient works in Ohio, and in the 
spring of 1891 was sent to South Carolina to examine several important works in 
that State. Owing to severe illness, which terminated in his death (on April 17, 
1891) while in the field, this last trip was unproductive of scientific results. By the 
death of Mr. Reynolds the Bureau has lost a skillful and industrious member, and 
archeology an enthusiastic student. For some time previous to his death, in addi- 
tion to his other duties as assistant to Prof. Thomas, he had been engaged in preparing 
a paper on the prehistoric metallic articles of the mound area. The only other field 
work performed in relation to the mounds has been above explained. In order to as- 
sist Prof. Thomas in obtaining correct illustrations and plats of certain groups in 
Mississippi, Arkansas, and Wisconsin, which were deemed of more than ordinary 
importance in the study of the archeology of the mound region, Mr. Holmes visited 
those groups and made careful survey drawings of them, besides collecting impor- 
tant data concerning them. 
Late in November Mr. Cosmos Mindeleff was ordered to proceed to the Casa 
Grande, on the Gila River, in Arizona, and examine that ruin with a view to its 
preservation as provided for by act of Congress, also to prepare plans and specifica- 
tions and make contracts for the work. He was further directed to make an exami- 
nation of the valley of the Rio Verde, and collect the data for a report upon the 
archeology of that region. Owing to unforeseen delays the contracts for the Casa 
Grande work were not executed until May 15, 1891, and were approved by the Secre- 
tary of the Interior late in June, but subsequently the time for the completion of the 
work was extended two months. It will be completed by October 1. 
During his stay in the vicinity of the Casa Grande Mr. Mindeleff made surveys of 
the ruin proper and of the large ruin of which it forms a part, together with photo- 
graphs, detailed plans, sketches, and notes, with a view to a detailed report. He 
found, among other results of his examination, that the ruin is now standing to 
within a very few feet of the height it had when built and occupied. 
Pending the execution and approval of the contracts for the Casa Grande work, 
Mr. Mindeleff made an examination of the valley of the Rio Verde from its mouth 
