GEYSERS. 
Analyses of geyser waters. 
{Constituents grouped in probable combination. 
Grams per kilogram.] 
ia 
Old Faith. | Great Gey-| Taco Gey. 
ful Geyser. Bere. ser, New 
Zealand. 
ENE Ag een See nee ee ne 0. 3961 0.5190 0. 6060 
on) Sarin AEE eB oSbc Soccer aeeneio Scie COGnEs Se aSeo eae 0. 6393 0.2379 | 1. 6220 
POR MITTEETEMCHLOLLUG or.- cre cc's cies mais Se mee ead reece lapcae arene « ON0S408 oss aac econ = | *0. 0950 
PSP DASA Ua © MLOLL LG = cea er nina alata aaa ee arate Sayan elma =r (LORS eco eescadsu|sacaupadanac 
RAN OLASH IE HONIG) =e tas = sia eae teat ae = oi OR 000108 Renamer Se eee sate 
DOSS SOR TEAR Th) 1 oe ee en cee eee mere i Meera 0. 0270 ON 1842 ine ae oes 
Nase, SOCIUMNDOTAte <.----< 2-552 -22=-ceece css +. ceee aakeee= GUOZUSS | Seecisclsseaeellstecece ise 
EPS O > SOUL 20 SUMIACO Nc See a cs et sac ates alas Se cede = slere a OyOW20 |lbak > epckeaclledecccscahoc 
RU SLO eSOGIUIN SLLICALO sone 5 ere toe ce ele < nie Cl acie de ce skeen cle (EU NG oaaaSosnone +0. 2290 
Pre GO), AOCIUMNCATPON ALG.” see srscb aon echt caiwie s <2 pia/jssainSelaisialc 0. 2088 O35 2567% Aleecoaaenee = 
EO Op NOMOSIUN CAN DON ALG. = oon - nn eee oee a tcseeee cece case 0: 0021: oi 22 2S 2s5-ee Trace 
POPS ILL CRUE DO OLIUCG om et larereiccecte Scie wae acieels wee sacs wale se aie's O00 SSN ccna 0. 025 
Nie SO ewINOW CUI ON ALCS thet ce atsle we wtencice oe se sete ae Hac anc sice’aas (eT Taconite. See aeos reece eater 
rmrer renin semescys ae. hte efel Pt eet They Son ee ec O§ OO NTs aaeet cds) Me | 0.005 
LS SE Tinstitopegs nee OCC! = Se Se Oe eo aos eC sees epeaer | OR0002 5 jae = ee Le Pade aca 
Joy FLO EXPONTE Sy OVER TUTE TT GCN eee ea ee See eee | Tracesal|ssse see hie rahaacers so 
EEE RGRT OIE CHCl mse en ae an a ate ee eee ma setae Ao ae amas pis dl ene sseiaicte'ss| 'sieee see siemens epson nti 
FESO POCOSS LOM Sip NAGE eer. ene aa onc emic eee Sen rena sc ntcrsal cows oe celsmiee 0.0180 | 0. 0750 
Nir SO) MAO MESS UIP NAO) <<< Se pass san Iaes eee a etiisnss sone [ts S-sl eats QNO09TR AH eee scenes 
IND? SR Are TSAI, SFO (GS AS apne Ce REDO CUS Sabet a — SHAE eeeE Ss SA AaesSee nace OS0058 5 eee 
Le a ee ae en ent 1.3908 | 1.2305 2. 6570 
SOT i Rees Oe Ce an a ~-4,.00096 | 1. 000205 | 1. 00077 
1 Na,0. 
Source of heat.—That the source of steam is the still hot lavas below, 
wid is in some way connected with voleanic action, is so evident from 
the facts that no other conclusion is possible. A very common. belief 
concerning the source of the heat of boiling springs and geysers, but 
‘one which no longer has the support of scientific men, is that the heat 
results from chemical action, as it is vaguely termed. Were not the 
evidence so directly opposed to this idea, it would merit consideration, 
but so far as the heat of geyser waters is concerned, all observation 
shows it to be untenable. To this class of theories belongs the popular 
idea that the geyser basins are underlaid by great beds of (quick?) 
lime, which supply the heat and steam of the geysers. 
The smothered combustion of beds of lignite, coal, or pyrites, is an- 
other form of the same theory that has been received with considerable 
favor, and still commands a few followers. That hot springs may have 
such an origin is not denied, but the geological conditions and environ- 
ment clearly show that none of the great geyser regions of the world 
derive their heat from such action. 
Where the source of supply is deep-seated, spring waters always 
have an elevated temperature, generally proportionate to the depth, 
but the very high temperatures of the geysers and the local source of 
