242 THE FLOW OF SOLIDS. 
been forced over the right-hand pin. Multiplying the simultaneous 
loads and compressions, we obtain the work done, and hence the possi- 
ble heat generated. In this experiment the work done was 2,330 foot- 
pounds, or 3.0 thermal units, 1 pound 1° F., sufficient to raise 1.557 
pounds lead alone about 63° F., or 34° C. If the heat generated is dis- 
sipated into the holder E EK, as is sure to be the case, the rise in tem- 
perature would be less than 1° C., or 1°.8 F. 
Under a pressure of 6,000 atmospheres the granular lead showed not 
the least sign of true liquefaction. It was merely pressed together, and 
could easily be broken up and reduced to the original grains between 
the thumb and finger. It is true these experiments were not performed 
in vaeuo, a condition which Walther Spring considers of importance. 
But if there is a true liquefaction, why does not the air rise to the top 
of the cavity and allow fusion, as it does when the granular lead is 
heated? There is no liquefaction, only a pressing and sticking together. 
SECOND TEST. 
Next 0.672 pounds* of antimony was ground in a mortar until it went 
through a 48-sieve, and then it was similarly submitted to 6,000, atmos- 
pheres pressure, with the same result; the grains were simply stuck 
together, and were perfectly distinct in their original form. The eylin- 
der formed was hard and tenacious, but gave no signs of liquefaction 
or recrystallization. The work done in this case might have raised the 
antimony alone 230° F., or 110° ©., or holder and antimony 1°.8 F,, or 
1KEAOR 
THIRD TEST. 
Well-erystallized calcite, 0.271 poundst was ground, put through a 
48-sieve, and submitted to a pressure of 6,000 atmospheres, producing 
practically no effect, the resulting mass being easily broken between 
the thumb and finger. 
Finding it useless to have large quantities of the compressed material 
for elaborate examination, it was decided to expedite matters by putting 
in several substances at one time, and the following rather crucial test 
was made: 
FOURTH TEST. 
LH, left-hand pin, stationary. KR H, right-hand pin, entering the 
hole F, moving. 
The charge was composed as follows: 
e 
A. Small section of antimony from test II. 
B. A stick of beeswax, whittled round, nearly fitting the hole. 
C. A stick of paraffin, whittled round, nearly fitting the hole. 
D. Bismuth prepared like the antimony for test IT. 
EK. Paraffin, same as C. 
*, Lead from test I. 
-* 0.672 pounds antimony, solid, filled the hole F, 5 inches long. 
t 0.271 pounds of solid calcite fills the holder, 5 inches in length. 
