374 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE IN NORTH AMERICA. 
The extent to which the Pacific or Californian region has been recog- 
nized will appear from the following table :* 
Date. Author. Name given to region. Based on-— | Rank. 
1820 | De Candolle ------ West coast of temperate North America. -....---. Plantse ene see 1 
1830 | Pickering ---..---- Californian’ orale =~ oe) eee eee ene Cae oee aeeee 2 
TGV RY bos Ob) =p seeeccoans Californian te Son] eee ee eee eee eee ee Bere ee cactoe 1 
1848 | Frankenheim. ---- @alifornialpes=-e pees 2-6 e eee Eee enee ree eee ere §9.20G) sateen 2 
1851 | Binney (A.) ------ Pacihe re rlONs..--ene= eae eee eee eae eee Mollusks ..... 1 
1854. |) Awassiz -----=--- - Californian) tana eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 7Autim aS) aeeee 3 
1856 | Woodward ..-..--- Californians provanGe@se-]-eeeae ee ese eee Sate eee Mollusks ..... 1 
1859 | Le Conte ..-.-...--- Wiesternldisinicts= =e =ee—- eee eee ae eee Imsects)---eeee 1 
18595 |COOPECR=-eee near eee Nevadian provincels----2e. .-oateeceee eee eee Forests. .----: 1 
1863 | Binney (W.G.) ..-| Pacific province ...-.-.----.---------------------- Mollusks ..-.. 1 
URI) eid secsoanense Western prowinGeleereeerecteeseeeasee eee sirds' =: eee al 
1866 | Grisebach .-.-...-.- Californianime tion esse eee oot nee eset Plantseeeeeee iL 
TE) (Ol tee bocesocneoce Pacific Precio neem este tacie taaae a seis eerie cera Reptiles and 2 
batrachians. | 
NSYAE || TAM Psoppdocsssce|lesanec Gl) Segnassnosuce seas ees atbieslesdesaentnctaeres Plants eee i 
1876 | Wallace -.----.... Californian! sulb=remitue--2s- eee saan ee ee Animals .-...- 2 
TGA | IN ie Seseconeaces IWiestermsprO va CO jae aaa sila eee eee ee 0 *Aaeeeeee 2 
TEER? || Tehvel seit ee ponscec||osoosc OO 2a asteccsc ssep a actsosce onesies eee eessees| oem dO=.2-seeee 1 
1883 | Jordam ...--...-.. IP ACTH CERG 2 OD eee eee else ate tee eel eet Mollusks ..... 3 
TLE |) Wyatt) saeeesenococ Californianidistni tt ee. ss==2e— eee === eee Plantis\-22-s-== 2 
1886) Hartlawb ==-.----- Califormian re giOn sess eee ane ee eee eee BindSeseeeeres 2 
1887 | Heilprin........-.. Califormianysmlb-ceeoneeenee eter eee eee eee Animals\eeeee 2 
1887 || Brendel...---..-.- Californian! fl oraeensesse esos ee eee eee eee Plants ees 1 
1889 | Ridgway ....----- Pace GisuniGtee-ceseesese eee eee eee ere eee Birds)-sseeeeee 2 
*Enegler’s ‘California Coast Province” is not included in this table, because it consists only of the 
narrow strip of land between the Coast Range and the Pacific. 
+ Named from the Sierra Nevada—not the State of Nevada. 
AUSTRO-RIPARIAN OR LOUISIANIAN DIVISION. 
(South Atlantic and Gulf States. ) 
Latreille, as early as 1817, called attention to the difference in the 
insect fauna in Carolina and Georgia from that of Pennsylvania and 
New York, and in his division of the earth into cireum-polar zones ran 
the boundary line between these fauna at latitude 36°. The difference 
in the flora of the South Atlantic and Gulf States from that of the 
Northern States was recognized by the Danish botanist Schouw as 
early as 1822 in the “ Realm of Magnolias or Pursh’s Realm,” which he 
then proposed for the region between the parallels of 30° and 36° north 
latitude. Thirty-four years later (in 1856) the northern boundary of - 
the same area was run by Americ¢a’s greatest botanist, Dr. Asa Gray, 
along the parallel of 36° 30’, only half a degree from Schouw’s line. 
The first zodlogist to recognize this region was the elder Binney, who 
died in 1847. His posthumous work on “ Terrestrial Air-Breathing 
Mollusks,” published in 1851, describes it under the name “Tertiary 
Region of the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Mexico.” The elder 
Agassiz recognized it in 1854 as one of his seven primary regions, nam- 
