GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE IN NORTH AMERICA. 375 
ing it the Louisianian fauna. Later writers, except Cope, have consid- 
ered it a sub-division of the Eastern forest region. Cope restored it to 
primary rank in 1878 and named it the Austro-riparian region. 
The extent to which this region has been recognized will appear from 
the following table: 
Date. Author. Name given to region. | Based on— Rank. 
1817 | Latreille.--....... MUPEL-Uro plea Climate. soe = oe cisermini= = ye «= woe amen ae | Insects ....... 1 
1822 | Schouw.....-.---- Realm of mia en olias= se. ceecs ceases seein sinaisweias = Riants eee 1 
1886 | Meyen.----.---=-- MU U-BLOpicall ZONE) <<< fee see ee sees a tase Stalatats ain se een giant 1 
1837 | Martius .......--.- Mississippi-Floridian realm-.-....----- Res ano ES ee puh Papccensrserede 1 
1838 | Berghaus......-.. Realm of magnolias.........--2- seSooconcecscassne (ee eae eee 1 
1851 | Binney (A.) ------ Tertiary region of Atlantic and Gulf coasts.---..| Mollusks ..... 2 
1853 | Schmarda.....-.--. Middledim erica realms <2. cja- sccm e-em wc sce. Animals .....- 1 
1854 | Agassiz..-.---...- IGG UISIAMANTE AUN Arsene se laa aaa PROne awe Asad essences 3 
TR DG Ee Lay) omc nae woe =.= SOU GHOLN SUR GOS mee eee tee eer aiain rage a aiaene |) lambs ieee 1 
1859 | Le Conte.......... NOUGIOLNAPLOWAD CO lessee ene een ee actos eeee eet |) Insects!=-----— 2 
1859 | Cooper.-..----.--- Carolinian and Mississippian .......-.--....-.----- | Forests .....-- 2 
Ape eeeG va (OV i Gx.) 2-1 SOULLCID, TEPION —. aco «am a -iaeas re ininldie ww cree ate Mollusks -..... 2 
UGA) eo Ue eaeeeeene HOUGHerM SUb-CUvISION s=cc seen. see somes -eeee ase Binds eceseees 2 
PRGON AV ONEU oaiacaie ===) = THOUISIAM AM MUN Dee soc as ee see = eionie Gos cnteree inal ote ais Oseee ects). 2 
ieait |) ZA Ey eee A ere OO ences cece perk asia tele soesceminceisecameesaa ate jaa aU Oss seers 3 
TRY BY PSI CR as opcecear ede FA STLO Lup ALLAN TOO LOD a= elon aia) tnialele oie wena = Reptiles and 2 
| batrachians. | 
PRE OLGOL <0 xieawa nm | Southern district .--....------.------.-+-----+--+- Plantst---4-—- 2 
PBS OTORN <2 aciecs sen] aan 2 Cys Sr RS ae Rae AA aera a Bae GaSe Mollusks ..... | 4 
1884 | Sargent...-.-..... WOaSti PING COPIONe sons oar cess ne telea seme oni ea Horests\s---<<- | 2 
1890 | Merriam. ....-.-.- J eNUSErG-Diparian LEMON ecesecea wee ceces sean see Animals and | 2 
plants. 
SONORAN DIVISION. 
The term “ Sonoran region” has been applied by Cope and others to 
an important life area which enters the southwestern part of the United 
States from the table-land of Mexico. It was first recognized by a 
botanist, Richard Brinsley Hinds, R. N., surgeon to H. M.S. Sulphur, 
who published a description of it in 1843 under the name “The Chi- 
huahua Region.” He defined it as extending south to the tropic, west 
to the Gulf of California and the Colorado River, north to the prairie 
region of the United States, and separated on the east from the Gulf 
of Mexico by a northward extension of the Central American region 
along the lowlands bordering the coast. Prof. Baird (in 1866) stated 
that along the valleys of the Rio Grande and Gila the fauna of the 
Central province “is greatly mixed up with the peculiar fauna of north- 
ern Mexico, which, as far as its summer birds indicate, is almost entitled 
to be considered as a fourth main province.” 
