GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE IN NORTH AMERICA. 405 
least thirty-seven genera that do not reach Canada, among which are 
quails, turkeys, doves of several genera, vultures, caracaras, kites, barn 
and burrowing owls, parrots, anis, ivory-billed woodpeckers, chuck- 
wills-widows, cardinals, blue grosbeaks, yellow-breasted chats, mocking 
birds, and others.* 
Thirty out of the above thirty-seven genera breed also in the West 
Indies. 
No less than nine tropical American genera of birds inhabit the sub- 
tropical belt of Florida, namely, Zenaida, Geotrygon, Starnenas, Ros- 
trhamus, Polyborus, Crotophaga, Euetheia, Callichelidon, andCereba. The 
following Antillean species and sub-species occur in the same area and 
are not known from any point farther north: Colinus virginianus 
cubanensis, Columba leucocephala, Zenaida zenaida, Geotrygon martinica, 
Starnenas cyanocephala, Rostrhamus sociabilis, Falco dominicensis, 
Speotyto cunicularia floridana, Polyborus cheriway, Crotophaga ani, 
Coccyzus minor maynardi, Agelaius phaniceus bryanti, Euetheia bicolor, 
Euetheia canora, Progne cryptoleuca, Petrochelidon flava, Callichelidon 
ceyanoviridis, Vireo altiloquus barbatulus, Cereba bahamensis. In addi- 
tion to these species, the following are restricted, so far as known, to 
southern Florida: Meleagris gallopavo osceola, Chordeiles virginianus 
chapmani, Cyanocitta cristata florincola, Ammodramus nigrescens, Vireo 
noveboracensis maynardi, Geothlypis trichas ignota, Thryothorus ludovi- 
cianus miamensis, Cistothorus mariane, Sitta carolinensis atkinsi. 
That there are corresponding differences among insects 1s evident 
from an important paper by Mr. E. A. Schwarz on the Insect Fauna of 
semi-tropical Florida. Mr. Schwarz states: “I have come to the con- 
clusion that it (the semi-tropical fauna of Florida) is entirely of West 
Indian origin, and that the region I shall hereafter circumscribe as 
semi-tropical Florida does not contain any endemic forms. In other 
words, the distinctive fauna of southern Florida is a permanent colony 
of West Indian forms, much more numerous in species than it has 
hitherto been supposed, the number in Coleoptera alone amounting, 
according to a very low estimate based upon my collection, to at least 
three hundred species not yet in our catalogues.” (Hntomologica 
Americana, IV, No. 9, 1888.) Since the above was published, Mr. 
Schwarz has had the kindness to inform me that this semi-tropical 
insect fauna of southern Florida comprises in all not less than one 
thousand species of West Indian or Antillean insects (of which about 
*The following thirty-seven genera of birds breed in Florida, but none of them 
range north to ‘frigid Canada,” though thirty out of the thirty-seven are known to 
breed in the West Indies: Colinus, Meleagris, Columba, Zenaidura, Zenaida, Columbi- 
gallina, Geotrygon, Starnenas, Cathartes, Catharista, Elanoides, Elanus, Ictinia, Ros- 
trhamus, Polyborus, Strix, Speotyto, Conurus, Crotophaga, Campephilus, Antrostomus, 
Aphelocoma, Icterus, Peucwa, Pipilo, Cardinalis, Guiraca, Euetheia, Certhiola, Protono- 
taria, Helinaia, Helmitherus, Icteria, Mimus, Harporhynchus, Thryothorus, Polioptila. 
