SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN ANTHROPOLOGY IN 1891. 447 
“The sign of the Constant Krror is usually constant in both diree- 
tions from the Indifference Point.” 
Where norm and re-production are single, the constant error is minus 
for intervals longer and plus for intervals shorter than the indifference 
interval. ‘ Where norm and re-production are multiples, the constant 
error is plus for intervals longer and minus for those shorter than the 
indifference interval. The majority of evidence is strongly against the 
validity of Weber’s law; also against any fixed or constant periodicity. 
“ Later investigators look to physiological processes for explanations 
of time judgments, and particularly to rythmic habits of nerve centers. 
Whether such processes as breathing, pulse, leg-swing, etc., govern 
our perceptions or whether the more general rythmic functions of the 
higher cephalic centers are in themselves the basis of time judgment is 
now the important question.” 
In 1890, was founded in Hamburg and Leipzig, Zeitschrift fiir Psy- 
chologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane, a bi-monthly octavo under 
the editorship of Hermann Ebbinghaus and Arthur Kénig, assisted by 
H. Aubert, S. Exner, H. v. Helmholtz, E. Hering, J. v. Kries, Th. Lipps, 
G. E. Miiller, W. Preyer, and C. Stumpf. 
Original papers by the most distinguished investigators are pub- 
lished in each number, works of chief importance are reviewed, and, of 
the greatest value, a bibliography of psycho-physical literature for 1889 
is given in the fourth number, pages 365-418. This bibliography is a 
model of convenience. The titles are classified and numbered and an 
alphabetical list of authors refers in each case to the title of the author’s 
book. Thus it is possible to exhibit the classification of the material, 
the full title, and to find the work through three separate lists. 
The Society for Psychical Research continued its active investigations 
upon the phenomena of hypnotism, animal magnetism, suggestive 
therapeutics, psycho-therapeutics, phantasms of the living, phantasms 
of the dead, clairvoyance, premonitions, hallucinations, thought-trans- 
ference or telepathy, and the like. In order to stimulate its friends 
aud members to renewed activity, a circular was issued insisting that 
‘‘the value to be attached to the evidence already collected must largely 
depend on its continuous reénforeement by fresh cases of like kind 
observed with care and recorded without delay. In the second place, 
supposing that the general facts, say of telepathy or of veridical appa- 
ritions, were even universally admitted, it would still be a matter of 
prime interest and importance to discover as much as possible of the 
laws which govern these strange phenomena, and it is therefore, impos- 
sible to assign any limit to the number and variety of cases which might 
be collected and registered with this end in view.” 
The most noticeable advance in the prosecution of this part of anthro- 
pological work is in the line of co-ordination and co-operation. The 
Psychological Society of Moscow was founded in 1888 for the discus- 
sion of problems in psychology, its foundation, theory, applications, and 
