452 SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN ANTHROPOLOGY IN 1891. 
The Hemenway Southwestern Archeological and Ethnological ex- 
pedition began to bear fruit in the publication of a “Journal of Ameri- 
can Ethnology and Archeology,” edited by J. Walter Fewkes, con- 
ductor of the expedition. This will be followed by other volumes, 
putting on permanent record the results of Mrs. Hemenway’s liberality 
during a series of years in sustaining the researches of Cushing and 
Bandelier, and subsequently of Mr. Fewkes. The first volume relates 
especially to Zuni. 
An ethnographic contribution not to be ignored is a series of papers 
by Dr. Ernst, of Caracas, Venezuela, on the aborigines of that repub- 
lic, published in the Boletin del Ministerio de Obras Publicas. In the 
same journal Dr. G. Marcano contributes a series of papers on the pre- 
Columbian ethnography of Venezuela. 
The publishers of our latest encyclopedias, such as Johnson’s, 
Chambers’s, Stanford’s, Cassell’s, ete., have earned the gratitude of 
ethnologists by employing men of acknowledged ability to prepare the 
descriptive articles on tribes and peoples. The geographic societies 
also have borne a conspicuous part in collecting and preserving data 
for future compilations regarding ethnology. Especially useful in 
these studies are the Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Lon- 
don, L’ Anthropologie of Paris, and the Zeitschrift and Verhandlungen 
of the Berlin Anthropological Society. 
LANGUAGE. 
In his lecture entitled “Du cri a la parole,” delivered in l’Ecole 
d@ Anthropologie de Paris, and published in the first number of the 
Revue Mensuelle, the following conclusions are reached by the speaker: 
Animals are already in possession of two distinctive elements of lan- 
guage: (1) the spontaneous, reflex cry of emotion and of want, and (2) 
the intentional cry of advertisement, menace, or appeal. From these 
two sorts of sounds man, endowed with a vocal apparatus still more 
perfect and cerebral faculties less limited, has created a great number 
of variants by means of prolongation, reduplication, and intonation. 
The ery of appeal is the germ of demonstrative roots prelude to pro- 
nouns, names of number, sex, and distance; the emotional cry, of which 
our interjections are only the debris, combining with the demonstratives, 
prepare the outlines of the proposition and form the verb and the noun 
of action and of state. Initation, direct or symbolical (necessarily 
only approximative) of the noises of surrounding nature, in a word, 
onomatopoeia, furnishes the elements of attributive roots out of which 
are to grow names of objects, special verbs, and their derivatives. 
Analogy and metaphor complete the vocabulary in applying to phe- 
nomena of touch, sight, odor, and taste qualiticatives derived by 
onomatopeia, Then comes reason, which eliminating the greater part 
of these inconvenient riches, adopts a greater or less number of sounds 
already reduced to one vague and generic sound. Then by derivation, 
