454 SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN ANTHROPOLOGY IN 1891. 
II, Rasping tools. 
(The scraper (racloir et grattoir). 
Acting by pressure and by friction. ...-...----- <The rasp and the file. 
Polishers, whetstones, burnishers, and smoothing tools. 
ITI. Striking and crushing tools. 
ACCtIM OD yea) DlOWyae= eee eter eerie eee nee The hammer. 
\Crushers, to break like flax. 
Aeting by pressure and by friction.........--. Se eeiecaeatal 2 
Acting by pressure and by friction )Grinding stones, mills. 
IV. Perforating tools. 
PXEMALIN, EWA os so ot eecaadc cosa seassee The pick-ax. 
§Bodkins, awls, piercers, gimlets, augers, ete. 
Acting by pressure and by friction.-....-.-..--- 2Drill, borers. 
An excellent example of the profit to be derived from the care and © 
publication of the material of the older explorers is Mr. Charles H. 
Read’s paper on the collection of ethnographical specimens found 
during Vancouver’s voyage, 1790-1795, plate xi, in vol. Xx1, Journal 
of the Anthropological Institute. This plate shows a Mexican atlatl, 
or throwing stick, but very short, from Lower California, to be held in 
either hand, as distinguished from the Alaskan specimens made for 
either hand. The bows are from Oregon or Washington. 
The curator of the department of ethnology in the U.S. National 
Museum has instituted and encouraged a series of experiments so as 
to reproduce with facility all savage arts. In the American Anthro- 
pologist, with the collaboration of several other members of the society, 
the entire technique of the arrow is worked out. The same process — 
has been tollowed with fire-making, bow-making, basketry, and the 
manufacture of stone implements, by Messrs. Hough, Murdoch, and 
McGuire. Mr. Holmes’s papers on so-called paleolithic implements 
should be here included. It is held that in this way alone can modern 
ethnology be made to offer true explanations of the mode of life among 
ancient primitive peoples. 
A model description of an art is Mr. Thomas Wardle’s paper in the 
Journal of the Society of Arts on the Tussur silk of India and China. 
It is difficult to say whether in the natural history of the moths, the 
elaboration of the art, or the description of the native silk culturist the 
author is most happy. Not only the Indian moths are deseribed but 
an extended list of silk-producing lepidoptera is brought to the pres- 
ent date. The methods of treatment by extremely simple native proc- 
esses is furnished, along with European treatment. The ethnologist 
will be charmed with the account given of the Santals. 
M. Philippe Salmon has constructed an elaborate table of the sub- 
divisions of the neolithic period of the Stone Age, especially in France 
(Rev. Mens. de Ecole @ Anthropologie, Paris i, 26), dividing it into 
(1) Carnacean (Carnac, Morbihan); (2) Chasseo-Robenhausian (Chassy 
and Robenhausen); and (3) Champignienne (Champigny). The finesse 
of this division is too great for repetition here and one wonders whether 
the lines of demarcation will not disappear with further exploration. 
