520 THE MOUNDS OF THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. 
oners, especially of the women and children,* as was the custom among 
other tribes belonging to this family.t In 1614 Capt. Smith explored 
this coast, and makes mention of “the gardens and cornfields which 
he saw planted on those sandy cliffs and cliffs of rocks.”t Healso bears 
witness to the quantities of corn grown in that region when he under- 
takes for a few trifles, ‘‘to have enough from the salvages for three 
hundred men” until the colony should become self-supporting.§ Roger 
Williams, A. D. 1643, on the same subject says ‘“‘that the women of the 
family commonly raise two or three heaps of 12, 15, or 20 bushels a 
heap, - - - andif she have the help of her children or friends, as 
much more.” He also adds, that ‘‘sometimes the man himself (either 
out of love to his wife or care for his children, or being an old man) 
will help the women, which, by the customs of the country, they are 
not bound to. When a field is to be broken up they have a very loving, 
sociable, speedy way to dispatch it; all the neighbors, men and women, 
forty, fifty, a hundred, do joyne and come in to help freely. With 
friendly joyning they break up their fields and build their forts.” || 
Among themselves they bartered their corn, skins, and venison,{ and | 
they also carried on more or less trade with other nations in shell beads** 
(wampum), and also in pipes, which latter article is said usually “to 
come from the Mauquawwop tt or man-eaters, three or four hundred miles 
from us.” The right of property was recognized in land,itt and their 
fields as well as the district within which each man might hunt were 
*Lescarbot, Nouvelle France, book vi, pp. 798 and 859, Paris, 1712. 
tLafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages Ameriquains, vol. 1, p. 563, and vol. 11, p. 308, Paris, 
1724. Lawson, Carolina, pp. 198-232, London, 1718. Marquette in Discovery and 
Exploration of the Mississtppi, by John G. Shea, p. 32, New York, 1852. Charlevoix, 
Histoire de la Nowvelle France, vol. 1v, pp. 104, 105, and p. 156, where the Outagamis, 
as a condition of peace, propose to replace all the killed of their enemies by slaves 
whom they are to capture from distant nations: Paris, 1744. 
{Description of New England in Collections of Mass. Hist. Society, vol. v1 of third 
series, p. 180. 
§ [bid., p. 113. 
|| Williams, Key, pp.92and 93. ‘Their food is pulse, - - - which is here better 
than elsewhere, and more carefully cultivated,” Verrezano, in N. Y. Hist. Coll., vol. 
1 of new series, p. 49. ‘* Their food is generally boiled maize or Indian corn,” Gookin, 
History of the New England Indians in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc., vol. 1 of first series, 
p- 150. ‘‘Taking all his” (King Philip’s) “cattle and hogs that they could find, and 
also took possession of Mount Hope, which had then a thousand acres under corn.” 
Drake, Indians of North America, p. 209, fifteenth edition. ‘Indians came down to 
Windsor and Hartford with fifty canoes, at one time, laden with Indian corn ;” Trum- 
bull, Connecticut, vol. 1, p. 88, Hartford, 1797. On Block Island, Indians had “about 
200 acres of corn,” Drake, Indians of North America, p. 116. See also Winslow, 
Good News from New England, in Purchas Pilgrims, London, 1625. 
4] Williams, Key to the Indian Language, in vol. 1 Coll. Rhode Island Hist. Soc., p. 
133% 
**Lafitan, Moeurs des Sauvages Ameriquains, vol. 1, p. 503, Paris, 1724. 
tt Probably Mohawk. See Drake, /ndians of North America, p. 221, fifteenth edition. 
it{T have known them to make bargaine and sale amongst themselves for a small 
piece or quantity of land.” Williams, Key, p. 89. 
