THE MOUNDS OF THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. 521 
clearly defined.* They also seem to have arrived at that stage of devel- 
opment in which the advantages of a division of labor are recognized, 
for we are told that ‘they have some who follow only making of Bowes, 
some Arrows, some Dishes (and the women make all their earthen ves- 
Sels); some follow fishing, some hunting: most on the seaside make 
money,” 7. ¢., wampum. ‘As many make it as will.’t 
Among the tribes living in southeastern New York, and along the 
Hudson, there does not seem to have been any lack of corn. Hudson, 
A. D. 1609, states that in latitude 42° 18’, near where the town bearing 
his name now stands, he saw ‘‘a house which contained a great quan- 
tity of maize or Indian corn and beans of last year’s growth, and there 
lay near the house for the purpose of drying enough to load three ships, 
| besides what was growing in the fields.” + 
| The work of tilling the ground was left to the women, who had the 
assistance of the old men and the children.§ The warriors are said to 
| 
| 
| 
ee ee See CS 
have been extravagantly inclined to hunting and fishing,|| though De- 
Laet tells us that * they are very serviceable, and allow themselves to 
be employed in many things for quite a small compensation.§ They 
lived in stockaded villages, and had forts or castles near their corn 
grounds for refuge in case of the sudden irruption of small marauding 
_ parties of their enemies.” ** 
New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania were inhabited, in part, by 
_ different bands of the same tribes that held the country adjacent to the 
~ mouth of the Hudson. They occupied both banks of the Delaware or 
‘‘ South ” river, lived in forts,tt and raised corn and beans, which they 
sold to the Swedish and German settlers.it Later, about the year 1682, 
*<“They have their fields distinct:” Lescarbot livre vI. pp. 776, 836: Paris, 1712. 
Williams, Key, p. 141. Winslow, in Purchas Pilgrims, p. 1869: London, 1625. 
t Williams, Key, pp. 128 and 133. 
! ¢ Quoted in DeLaet, Description of New Netherlands, p. 300. ‘‘Great store of 
Maize:” Juet, Journal of Hudson’s Voyage, p. 323. ‘They raise an abundance of 
corn and beans, of which we obtain whole cargoes in sloops and galleys in trade:” 
_ Vander Donck, New Netherlands, p. 209. ‘‘Their common food - - - is pap, or 
mush, which - - - is named sapaen. This is so common among the Indians that 
they seldom pass a day without it, unless they are on a journey or hunting. We sel- 
dom visit an Indian lodge at any time of day, without seeing their sapaen preparing, 
_ or seeing them eating the same. It is the common food of all :” TIbid., p. 193. All 
_ these are published in vol. 1, new series, of the Collections of the New York Hist. 
Society, and the paging refers to that volume. ‘‘ Indian corn abundant:” Doc. Hist. 
of New York, p. 22. 
§ Vander Donck, New Netherlands, in vol.1, new series, Hist. Coll. of New York, p. 208. 
|| Ibid., p. 209. 
§ DeLaet, Description of New Netherlands, in vol. 1, new series, Coll. N. Y. Hist. 
Soc., p. 301, New York, 1841. 
** Vander Donck, l. c., p. 197. 
tt DeLaet, 1. c., p. 303. 
ttKalm, Travels, vol. 1, p. 397: London, 1772. Campanius, History of New Sweed- 
land in vol. 1, Coll. of New York Hist. Soc., p. 346. De Vries Voyages in Vol. 1, new 
series, of Coll. of New York Hist. Soc., p. 253. 
