524 THE MOUNDS OF THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. 
which each might “fish, fowle, or hunt” seem to have been not less 
accurately determined.* As to the part taken by the men in the field 
work, our authorities are not agreed. According to Capt. Smith, who 
is not very clear upon this point, the women plant and gather the corn, t 
though elsewhere he speaks of the ‘“ King (Powhatan) himself making 
his own robes, shoes, bowes, arrows, pots, planting, also hunting, and do- 
ing offices no less than the rest.” His account of the manner of making 
a “clearing” is also somewhat obscure, and may be interpreted to mean 
that this part of the labor was performed by the men. Be this as it 
may, however, other writers are more explicit. Hariot and Beverly 
contirm what is said as to the supply of corn; and the former asserts 
directly, and the latter by implication, that the men did take part in 
the field work.t They also did, more or less, trade among themselves, 
exchanging, among other things,-their ‘‘countrie corne” for copper, 
beads, and such like.§ Slavery may also be confidently said to have 
existed among them; for, although the evidence on this point is not as 
full and clear as it might be, yet the fact is plainly deducible from the 
statement that ‘‘they made war, not for lands or goods, but for women 
and children, whom they put not to death,” but kept as captives, in 
which capacity they were made “to do service.” || 
The Carolinas were held by a number of tribes belonging to differ- 
ent linguistic families, though with but little or no difference in their 
manners and customs. She Tuscaroras, a Huron tribe, occupied the 
country adjacent to the Chowan River and its tributaries, in the west- 
ern part of North Carolina, until about the year 1713~15, when, owing 
to their defeat by the whites, and the destruction of their fort, they 
fled to-the north, and took refuge among the Iroquois, forming the 
sixth nation in that confederacy.{| In the western part of South Caro- 
lina lived the Catawbas, who are chiefly known on account of the long 
*Capt. Smith, in Purchas’ Pilgrims, vol. Iv, p. 1703. 
tLbid., pp. 1698, 1709 (vol. Iv). 
ft‘ All the aforesaid commodities” (corn, beans, peaze, ete.) ‘‘for victua] are set 
or sowed some time in grounds apart and severally by themselves, but for the most 
part mixtly. - - - <A few days before they sowe or set, the men with wooden in- 
struments, made almost in form of mattocks, or hoes with long handles; the women 
with short pickers or parers, because they use them sitting, of a foot long, and about 
5 inches in breadth, doe only break the upper part of the ground to raise up the 
weeds, grasse, and old stubs of corn-stalks with their roots.” Hariot in Hakluyt, 
Voyages, vol. 111, p. 329: London, 1810. ‘‘ Indian corn was the staff of Food upon 
which the Indians did ever depend. - - - It was the families dependance, and 
the support of their women and children.” Beverly, Virginia, part 1, p. 29: London, 
1705. At their corn feast they boast in their songs “that their corne being now 
gathered, they have store enough for their women and children; and have nothing 
to do but go to war, travel, and seek out new adventures.” Jbid, part i11, p. 43. 
§ Capt. Smith, in Purchas Pilgrims, vol. rv, p. 1701: London, 1625, 
|| Lbid., l. ¢., pp. 1699, 1700. ‘“The werowance, women and children, became his 
prisoners, and doe him service.” Ibid., p. 1704. 
q| Archeologia Americana, vol. 11, p. 80, et seq. 
