GLACIAL COMMITTEE. 203 
corded by Lendenfeid.* Definite evidence, in the shape of 
striated boulders, was first obtamed by Mr. Richard Helms, 
during 1889 and 1893.+ In 1897 Messrs. A. E. Kitson, 
F.G.8., and W. Thorn, concluded that there were evidences 
of glacial markings at Mount Etteridge, not far from the 
summit of Kosciusko.{ Our visit last year, in company 
with Mr. F. B. Guthrie, F.G.S., has enabled us to collect 
further evidence so clear as to put beyond dispute proofs of 
past glacial action at Kosciusko. This fresh evidence en- 
tirely confirms the views previously expressed by Mr. 
Richard Helms. § 
Briefly, the evidences observed were—(1) Extensive areas 
of grooved and striated rock-surfaces and roches moutonnées 
in the neighbourhood of Lake Merewether (Blue Lake) and 
Evidence Valley, as well as in Lake Albina Valley. The 
finest striated pavements were observed by us in the latter 
valley. 
(2) Terminal, lateral, and median moraines. The 
largest of these morainic deposits is the large mass which 
Mr. Pittman and I have named the Helms Moraine, in 
honour of its discoverer. This moraine is like a huge rail- 
way embankment, 29 chains in length, and rising 400 feet 
above the level of Lake Merewether. Probably at least 270 
feet of this bank measured vertically from the surface down- 
wards is morame. A remarkable feature about it is the 
very large proportion of grooved and striated blocks occur- 
ring in it. 
In modern glacial moraines, like those of New Zealand, it 
is the exception rather than the rule to find striated stones ; 
in the Helms moraime, however, more than half the stones 
are more or less strongly striated. 
Mr. Helms suggests that this feature may be due to the 
material of the moraine having been derived from an old 
tenet on ine results of recent examination of the central 
part of the Australian Alps, pp. 1-16, Pls. i.-iv. Government 
Printer, Sydney, Jan. 21st, 1885. Also, The Glacial Period in 
Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. x. , Pt. 1, pp. 44-53, 
Pls. vii., viii., Jan., 1885 [June]. 
+ Proc. Dae: Soc. N.S. Wales, (2) vili., Pt. 2, p. 328, Sept., 
1893 [March, 1894]. Also, op. cit. (2) vili., Pt. 3, pp. 349-364, 
ie xvili., October, 1893 [April, 1894]. 
pecreahanond is the Geology of Mt. Kosciusko and the Indi- 
Monaro track. Report, Austr. Assoc. Adv. Sc., vii., Sydney, 
1898 [1899], pp. 367-370. 
§ For details, see Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1901, Pt. 1, pp. 
26-74, Pls. iii.-x. Geological Notes on Kosciusko, with special 
reference to Evidences of Glacial Action, by Prof. David, Richard 
Helms, and E. F. Pittman, Assoc. R.S.M. 
