PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. 473 
I think it likely that the migration eastwards set in, pro- 
bably caused by the encroachments of Malay and Hindu 
immigrations, as Fornander states. In fact, the principal 
difference between Mr. Fornander and myself is that I 
hold that the basis of the Polynesian is Papuan, with 
Asiatic admixture; whilst he describes it simply as a 
separate and distinct ante-Malayan race, which drove out 
the Papuan people, only in turn to be themselves driven 
ut by the Malays, and so compelled to look for other lands 
on which to settle. 
With regard to the language spoken, I believe that, 
much as they appear to vary on first acquaintance, they 
are radically all of one common stock; that the points of 
similarity between the two languages, as in the construc- 
tion and formation of nouns and adjectives, the existence 
of the dual number in both, and traces of the trina] in the 
Eastern Polynesian, as in Tonga and Samoa, the use com- 
mon to all of inclusive and exclusive pronouns, the 
reciprocal and causative forms of the verbs, the use of 
transitive terminations, and many other points, are neither 
few nor insignificant as pointing to a common origin of 
beth languages. The opinion here advanced is strength- 
ened by a comparison of the manners and customs of the 
different peoples, and especially by the survivals in culture 
amongst the later Polynesiansof the customs and traditions 
of their Papuan ancestors. Ethnolographically, however, 
these peoples under consideration may be divided into two 
races, called Polynesians and Melanesians, or, as I prefer 
to call them, Eastern and Western Polynesians; as even 
if it be clearly established that they are from one common 
stock, the difference in civilisation and culture which now 
exist, as such as to justify us in considering them as 
separate people. 
The Samoans are of the light-brown Polynesian race, 
of which the principal members are the Maoris, Tongans, 
Cook Islanders, Rotumans, Sandwich Islanders, Tahitians, 
-&c. It is very probable, indeed, that wherever the original 
hatitat of the race may have been, the point from which 
‘their dispersion in Eastern Polynesia took place was from 
Manua, in the eastern part of the Samoa group. Tui 
Manua claims indeed that the whole group is named from 
his family. “Sa” is the Samoan word for family, and 
“Moa” is Tui Manua’s family name, so that Samoa really 
means the family of Moa. It is also true that the traditions 
of Tonga, Fiji, and other places have constant reference to 
Manua as the scene of events connected with their earliest 
history, whilst the Havaihi of the Maories is simply the 
