532 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION F. 
The fossil remains of diprolodin birds and other extinet 
marsupials ! found at Lake Callabunna and other places in 
the deltas of the rivers flowing into Lake Eyre are considered 
by the aborigines to be the remains of the kadimarkara. 
In these two legends, and in two others, the kadimarkaras 
are all spoken of as being reptiles, being also identified as 
woma, 7.e., carpet-snakes. The connection of these legends 
with the sacred ceremonies comes out, especiall¥ in one 
relating to the ceremony of the Mura-mura Nodumpa, also a 
kadimarkara, which are common to the tribes in the Cooper 
with those further to the north, being held at Farrar’s 
Creek.? 
The legends have probably been original explanations of 
the occurrence of fossil remains, but it is just possible that 
there may be even a fossilised remembrance of the actual 
existence of these extinct creatures. 
I believe the late Professor Tate considered the deposits 
at Lake Callebunna to be Pliocene, but it may prove that they 
are Quarternary, and that the kadimarkaras and the abori- 
gines were contemporaries. Ina paper on the origin of the 
aborigines of Australia and Tasmania,* I have’ shown 
reasons for believing that their ancestors inhabited Australia 
at a period when there was a land-bridge between it and 
Tasmania, and the discovery of fossilised marsupial bones 
under the sand-bed in the Great Buninyong Mine bearing 
cuts and scratches with some sharp instrument, show that 
man then inhabited Australia. 
! See fossil remains of Lake Callabona, E. G. & E. C. Sterling and A. H. 
C. Zeety, p. 45, Memoirs of the Royal Society of S.A., Vol. I., Part LI. 
2 See Journal Anthrop. Inst. (quote). 
~ (quote). 
