CHAPTER IV. 



OP THE WEEDS CALLED UNDERLINGS, OR SUCH AS NEVER RISE IN 

 THE CROP, NOR COME INTO THE SICKLE: WITH OBSERVATIONS 

 ON PASTURE WEEDS. 



1. GROUNDSEL, Simson (senecio vulgaris). Leaves 



winged-indented, embracing the stem ; flowers scat- 

 tered. Root annual ; flowering from March to De- 

 cember 



2. ANNUAL MEADOW-GRASS, Suff^olk-grass (poa an- 



nua). Panicle divaricate ; spikelets ovate, five-flow- 

 ered ; florets somewhat remote, five-ribbed, without a 

 web ; culms oblique, compressed. 



3. CHICKWEED (stellaria media), or Common Stitch- 



wort. Leaves ovate ; stems procumbent, with a hairy 

 alternate line on one side ; stamens from five to ten. 

 Root annual; flowering from March to December, and 

 generally upon the richest land. 



4. SHEPHERD'S PURSE (capsella bursa pastoris). 



Pouches compressed, triangularly inversely heart- 

 shaped, smooth, without a border ; root-leaves wing- 

 cleft. Root annual ; flowering from March to Sep- 

 tember. 



5. SPURRY (spergula arvensis)*. Leaves whorled ; stalks 



when in fruit reflexed. Root annual \ flowering in 

 June and July. 



* There is a larger-growing variety of common spurry, called sper- 

 gula sativa, which is cultivated in some parts of Germany, for sheep. 



