MEMOIRS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 85 
Syn. Pot. 51; Lehm. Mon. 30 and 184; Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 540; Seringe in DC. 
Prodr. 2: 571; Don, Gard. Dict. 2: 549; Dietr. Syn. Pl. 3: 178; Walp. Rep. 2: 26 
and 38; Ann. 2: 507; Lehm. Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1850: 10; Rev. Pot. 166. 
Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 353; Nutt. Gen. N. Am. Pl. 1: 310; Eat. Man. Ed. 5: 
343; Hd. 6: 280: Ed. 7: 456; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 441; Eat. & Wr. N. Am. 
Bot. 372; Gray, Am. Jour. Se. (II) 33: 411 (Rep. 22); Proc. Acad. Phil. 1863: 61; 
Porter, U.S. Geol. Surv. 1870: 475; Wats. in eo Rep. 5: 87; Proc. Am. Acad. 8 
558"; Porter & Coult. Syn. Fl. Col. 37; Rothrock, in Wheeler’s Rep. 4: 113; Coulter, 
Man. Rocky Mts. 85; Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 302; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2 
ZilO: 
Richardson, in Frankl. 1st Journ. 740; Ed. 2: App. 20; R. Br. in App. Parry’s Ist 
Voy. 277; Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnaea, 2: 21; E. Meyer, Pl. Labr. 74; Lehm. Hook. 
Fl. Bor. 1: 195; Schlecht. in Linnaea, 10: 98; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 57; Seemann, Bot. 
Herald, 52; Durand, Journ. Acad. Phil. 1856: 190; Lange, Consp. Fl. Groen. 8 and 235; 
Roe ne: ibid. 656; Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 189 and 518; Nathorst, Oefv. Kong. Vet. 
Ak. Forh. 1884: 23; Meehan, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1893: 210; Wetherill, Bot. P eary Aux. 
Exp. 5. 
Fragaria nivea Crantz. Inst. 2: 177. 
Inustrations: Fl. Dan. 6: pl. 1035; Sturm, Deutsch]. Fl. 92: pl. 6*; Gmel. FI. Sib. 
3: pl. 36, f. 1; Britt. & Brown, Il. Fl. 2: fig. 1918. Puate Sih, fo ig eeenen of flower, 
f 7; stamen, f. 8; pistil, f. 9; fruiting hypanthium and calyx, f. 70. 
Cespitose, with the caudex covered with the brown scarious stipules and old leaves. 
Stems several, 1-2 dm. high, more or less tomentose or villous, few-leaved. Basal 
leaves on petioles 2-5 em. long, ternate, glabrate or slightly villous above, densely white- 
tomentose beneath ; leaflets oblong-cuneate or obovate, 2-3 em. long, generally coarsely 
crenate. Stem leaves similar but smaller. Cyme 2-6-flowered. Flowers 12-15 mm. in 
diameter. Hypanthium 6-8 mm. in fruit, white-villous or tomentose ; bractlets linear, 
oblong or lanceolate, slightly shorter than the ovate lanceolate acute sepals. Petals 
obcordate, a little exceeding the sepals. 
The common form of this species is fully as tall as P. villosa and P. Hookeriana, but 
very slender. The flowers are only 15 mm. in diameter, the bractlets linear-oblong or lan- 
ceolate, shorter than the oyate-lanceolate sepals. The obcordate petals only a little exceed 
the sepals. The leaflets are 2-3 em. long, oblong or obovate, with broad teeth. P. nivea 
is distributed throughout the arctic regions and in the higher mountains of the northern 
hemisphere. In America it ranges from Labrador to Alaska, extending in the Rockies 
1 Including P. uniflora and P. Wahliana. 
