MEMOIRS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 165 
Texas: G. C. Nealley, No. 58. 
Louisiana: J. F. Joor, 1874. 
Alabama: A. Winchell, No. 159; W. Trelease, 1879 ; Earle & Underwood, 1896 ; B. 
F. Saurman. 
Florida: Geo. V. Nash, No. 2523, 1895; A. H. Curtiss, No. 780. 
Georgia: A. H. Curtiss, 1875; Durand, 1837. 
North Carolina: G. R. Vasey, 1878 ; W. M. Canby, 1876. 
Virginia: Britton & Small, 1893 ; N. L. Britton, 1892. 
District of Columbia: Mrs. Stevens, 1893. 
Pennsylvania: W. M. Canby, 1865; J. K. Small, 1889; Miss E. G. Knight, 1884 
Small & Heller; 1891 ; C. E. Smith, 1866. 
New Jersey: F. E. Lloyd, 1890. 
Missouri: B. F. Bush, 1892. 
8. FRAGARIA L. 
Fragaria L. Sp. Pl. 494. 1753. 
Dactylophyllum Spenn. Fl. Frib. 8: 1084. In part. 1829. 
Hypanthium almost flat. Bractlets, sepals and petals, normally 5. Petals white, 
or in one species reddish, broadly obovate, elliptic or almost orbicular, obtuse, never 
emarginate. Stamens about 20, in three series as in Pofentilla, sometimes abortive, closely 
surrounding the base of the receptacle; filaments short; anther dehiscent by a longi- 
tudinal slit. Receptacle hemispheric or conic, bearing very numerous pistils, in fruit be- 
coming enlarged, very juicy and delicious in taste. Style filiform but rather short, attached 
near the middle of the ovary, scarcely deciduous. Seeds ascending and amphitropous. 
The genus consists of perhaps 40 species, natives of Europe, Northern Asia, North 
America, India and South America. Many species are cultivated for their delicious 
fruit (the receptacle). They are mostly low plants with a short scaly rootstock and rather 
numerous, generally trifoliolate basal leaves. The flowering stem is mostly scapose, but 
some species have one or two stem leaves; these may be similar to the basal leaves, 
but with shorter petioles, or else only unifoliolate and more or less reduced. The plants 
propagate by true runners. The flowers of several species have a tendency to become 
polygamo-dioecious. 
The origin of most of our cultivated varieties is to be traced from I Chiloensis 
either directly or through hybridization. Some have been derived from F. grandiflora 
from Surinam, /. elatior and F. vesca from Europe, and Ff. Virginiana, a native of the 
Eastern United States. Many of the varieties generally supposed to have been derived 
from the latter, must, however, have had their origin from I. Chiloensis. 
