98 VILLICAULES. 



Another mode of forming three subordinate groups is 

 pointed out by P. J. Miiller, which, although less simple, is 

 more natural. His groups are characterised at considerable 

 length in his Monograph, but their more marked distinctions 

 seem to be as follows. 



1. Discolores. — Stem bearing equal strong prickles and 

 adpressed pubescence. Leaves white-felted beneath. — R. dis- 

 color^ R. thyrsoideus. 



2. Sylvatici. — Stem bearing equal moderate (in size and 

 strength) prickles and patent dense hairs. Leaves green, 

 rarely white-felted beneath. — R. leucostachys. R. Gra- 

 howskii. R. Salteri. R. carpinifolius. R. villicaulis. R. 

 macroj^hyllus. 



3. Spectahiles. — Stem bearing more or less unequal 

 prickles, a few scattered aciculi and often a very few setae, 

 also often densely pubescent. — R. mucronulatus. R. Spren- 

 gelii. 



The first of these groups seems quite separable from the 

 others, if our plants alone are considered. The second and 

 third graduate into each other : for the typical state of R. leu- 

 costachys belongs to the Sylvatici, but the R. vestitus would 

 better range amongst the Spectahiles, and yet there can be 

 no doubt of their constituting only one species. Similarly 

 the original R. Salteri belongs to the former group, and R. 

 calvatus, which I do not distinguish specifically from it, is 

 one of the Spectahiles. This third group also is most closely 

 connected with the Glandulosi; for the Radulce, which it 

 seems probable that Mr Miiller includes amongst his Specta- 

 hiles, for he places R. rudis there, form a well marked group 

 of species connecting the glandular brambles with those 

 whose stems are devoid of stalked glands (setae). They may 

 be shortly characterised as follows : 



4. Radulce. — Stem bearing nearly equal prickles, and 

 also many short, nearly equal and deciduous, aciculi and 



