41. R. ALTH/EIFOLIUS. 277 



8US (3 ]nlosus appears to be referable. Dr Bell Salter con- 

 founded the A\ Grahowskii with his li. WaJdberyll, and has 

 therefore confused their synonyms, localities and descrip- 

 tions. Metsch quotes the R. bifrons (Vest.) to this plant. 

 It is possible, but scarcely probable, that he is correct. 



The R. nemorosus hferox (Leight.) is described below as 

 a new species under the name of R. tuherculatus. 



Such confusion exists concerning R. nemorosus that it is 

 not easy to determine its synonymy : a matter of little con- 

 sequence to us, because all the plants so-called in Britain 

 justly claim other names. A difference is especially to be 

 noticed in the accounts given of the calyx. Some authors 

 state that it is reflexed after the flower has faded; and 

 othei-s, that it clasps the fruit. Arrhenius is ambiguous in this 

 part of his description, for he only says "sepala sub anthesi 

 reflexa;" Weihe and Nees say *' calyces fructui adpressi;" 

 Godron "reflechis a la maturite" and "fructu maturescente 

 patula." In the second edition of Bluff and Fingerhuth 

 the words are "calyce fructifero erecto." I do not know 

 the character of the prickles of the true R, nemorosus, for 

 my few specimens named R. 7iemorosus and R. dumetorum 

 are not conclusive. In Fries's Summa we are told that R. 

 corylifolius of the Svensk Botanik (t. 187) and Herbarium 

 Normcde (ix. 50) is R. nernorosus var. ferox. In my copy 

 of the Herb. Norm, no barren stem is given and the flower- 

 ing shoot is very like some states of our R. corylifolius: the 

 former reference directs us to a plate on which a plant is 

 represented ha\ang both of its shoots thickly covered with 

 aciculiforra prickles directed upwards (a state of them never 

 found in nature) ; it looks like a bad figure of ^. corylifolius 

 a. sublustrisj rather than of R. nemorosus. The R. nemorosus 

 of Arrhenius, as exhibited in the Herb. Norm. (vi. 47) is 

 probably my R. corylifolius (3 conjungens. R. dumetorum, 

 as illustrated by a specimen from "Apenrade Slesvigiae" 



24 



