Notes on the sea-ice along the east coast of Greenland. 191 
25th attained such a thickness that it was considered solid enough to 
travel on. 
The pack-ice remained close on the coast of Shannon Island during 
the remainder of the winter, and no water was in sight at any time, 
save to the south of Shannon Island, where during the whole winter 
there was a large body of open water, extending from 1 å 2 miles south 
of Cape Philip Broke, westward towards Cape David Gray, a distance 
of about 10 miles and from there towards Bass Rock, and no pack-ice 
could be seen inside a line from Cape Philip Broke to 3 & 4 miles clear 
ot the island. 
1910. 
The pack-ice remained compact and close on land during the winter 
and spring, and no water at all was visible between the floes from Meyer- 
steins Mountain till July, when water began to appear between Cape 
Pansch and Cape Philip Broke, but it was never so continuous as to 
form even a narrow landwater. 
The water to the south of Shannon Island had about the same 
extent during the spring and summer as described above, and no motion 
was noticeable in the pack-ice. 
On August the 5th there was a very narrow landwater leading from 
Cape Philip Broke to a couple of miles beyond Cape Pansch, but it was 
impossible for a vessel to reach the winter harbour south of Cape Sussi. 
The ice in Frozen Bay did not break up or melt at all during the 
summer of 1910. 
No indication of water along the coast of Shannon Island or between 
the floes of the pack-ice was seen, when we returned to our winter-quar- 
ters on November 25th, nor during the winter or early spring. There 
must, however, have been extensive tracts of open water to the south 
of Shannon Island, as the temperature in our winter-quarter rose very 
much, whenever the wind was southerly?. 
1911. 
When medio March we arrived at Cape Philip Broke we saw a large 
area of open water, extending from the cape as far as a little outside 
Bass Rock, and in the direction of Cape David Gray, thus forming a 
large triangle free of ice. The open water extended into Freeden Bay, 
about 2 miles to the north of a line Cape Philip Broke—Cape David 
Gray. We noticed several times that floes, breaking off from the land-ice 
between Shannon Island and Bass Rock, drifted at a right angle away 
from the land-ice, even against the wind. 
1 In order to show the difference in the condition of the ice in places not 
very far removed from each other the attention is called to the open water 
south and west of Пе de France and all along the east coast of Germania Land, 
seen on our return journey in the fall of 1910. 
