Notes on the sea-ice along the east coast of Greenland. 195 
There must, however, have been a great deal of motion in the pack- 
ice, as the thin ice covering the landwater was repeatedly broken up 
and carried away, and this ice never attained the thickness of 10 cm 
even during quite calm spells, or when the weather was at its coldest. 
1912. 
The state of the ice during the month of January 1912 was about 
the same as in December, with the exception that the breadth of the 
land-water was more constant, being on an average about 3 miles. There 
was no pack-ice to be seen towards Cape Philip Broke, and the edge 
of the land-ice extended north from Bass Rock on a course a little to 
the east of Cape David Gray. 
On February 15%, from the high land back of Cape Philip Broke, 
there was no ice to be seen in ESE, but it lay close on the coast from 
the cape (Philip Broke) and northward. The open water just south 
of the cape had a breadth of 3 miles, and a northerly storm on Feb. 3rd 
set the pack-ice still farther out from land. 
All of February the ice off Bass Rock remained the same as in Decem- 
ber and January, with the exception of a few small changes owing to 
the different winds, but none of them were of long duration. Northerly 
and northwesterly winds pressed the ice a little closer on land, while 
at the same time all ponds between the pack-ice closed up, and easterly 
or southerly winds opened up the ice and set it farther from land. The 
influence of the wind only lasted, while it was blowing, and the ice re- 
sumed its usual limits, as soon as the wind abated. 
On March 2nd, while on the Walrus Island, the landwater was noticed 
to extend as far north and south as could be seen from an elevation 
of about 75 metres, following the main lines of the land and coming 
within half a mile of the most prominent capes. The breadth of the 
land-water was оп an average 1 144—3 miles, and large isolated fog-banks 
over the pack-ice indicated open water in many places. 
The winter 1911—12 had until the month of March been unusually 
calm and cold, but in the course of this month the weather changed 
entirely, and the wind blew strongly and persistently from the north. 
The landwater was consequently a little more restricted off Bass Rock, 
than it used to be, and the pack-ice appeared more dense than formerly 
during the winter, but the large body of open water to the south of 
Shannon Island had its usual extent, and the landwater extended as far 
north and south, as could be seen from an elevation of 125 metres. 
We were sledging about during the greater part of April and visited 
the winter-harbour near Cape Sussi. This spring the state of the ice 
was different from what it had been during the preceding years, and 
on April 10th from the top of Meyersteins Mountain, we could see a 
very broad land-water extending all along the east coast of Shannon Island 
and toward Koldewey Island as far as the horizon. The landwater had a 
13* 
