Notes on the sea-ice along the east coast of Greenland. 197 
broken line of pack-ice. Only a few floes drifted about in the water, 
and towards the end of the month there was hardly any pack in sight 
from an elevation of 300 metres (Pendulum Island). The icebergs or 
large floes, which could be recognized, were seen drifting to the south 
with great rapidity. 
The land-ice was rapidly disappearing during the month of June, 
and melting water was standing on the icefoot from June 10th. The 
land-ice was seen to be perfectly “rotten” after a few days of foggy 
weather, which ended on June 23rd, and an ordinary gale would break 
it all up. 
During the month of June the wind was decidedly southerly, as 
for 20 days it was blowing from the S and SE and only for five days 
from the N and NE. 
The state of the ice during the early part of July was the same 
as in June, until July 10th, when a fresh northerly wind forced the 
the pack-ice on land, so that the landwater decreased in breadth from 
10 à 15 miles to 2 miles off Bass Rock, and the pack-ice approaching 
the land consisted of very large floes. 
This gale broke up the land-ice off Bass Rock and in Freeden Bay 
and raised such a swell that the ice close to land rose and sank at least 
50 cm. 
It seems incredible that this swell which lasted for almost a day 
and a night, after the gale had subsided, should originate from the now 
very small area of open water visible to the north, and it seems most 
reasonable to presume that the swell, felt so strongly on land, origi- 
nated in the open sea beyond the pack-ice, as it would otherwise have 
died down with the wind, if it had come from a local pond. The length 
and regularity of the waves also indicated that the swell was not local, 
and its effect was seen on the slowly heaving land-ice to the NW of 
Bass Rock. 
A subsequent slackening in the ice — owing to southerly winds 
— lasted only a couple of days, and on July 14th the ice was closer 
on land, and the pack-ice was more compressed than at any time since 
the early spring. 
It seems that when the ice, during summertime, had once been set 
on land, a land-breeze is necessary to drift it out to sea again, as it comes 
within the limits of the tide and drifts up and down the coast in the 
area, where the landwater was formerly found. The main current does 
not go into the deeper bays, but in most places follows a line connecting 
the outermost points, and the loose ice in the landwater will consequently 
be beyond its limits and remain an almost stationary and compact 
mass of ice, often preventing ships, which have penetrated through the 
pack-ice, from reaching land. 
When the “Sjeblomsten” came on July 19th just after a strong 
SE wind, the pack-ice was once more open, and the landwater broad, 
