Gladiolus Studies — I 159 



shipped to New York in large quantities, occasionally as many as ten 

 thousand spikes being sent in one day. 



A ntunber of seedlings were raised at Rochester, New York, and 

 introduced in 1883 by James Vick. These were Brunette, Bryant, 

 Charlotte Cushman, David Copperfield, Dr. Warder, Henry Clay, Holmes, 

 Innocence, Longfellow, Lowell, and Rainbow. This list, with the excep- 

 tion of the last-named variety, was cataloged for several years. 



The variety Snow White was raised by J. C. F. Hyde, of Newton, 

 Massachusetts, and exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural 

 Society in August, 1879, when it was awarded a first class certificate. 

 In 1 88 1 it was recommended by the floral committee for the prospective 

 prize of $40 as the best flowering plant. Hallock & Son bought the 

 stock in 1883 and changed the name from Hyde's Seedling — or Hyde's 

 White, as it was locally known — to Snow White, and introduced it 

 in 1890. 



Among the American varieties of gladioli produced between 1880 and 

 1890 were Bayard Taylor, Emma Thursby, E. M. Stanton, General 

 Phil Sheridan, Golden, Isaac Buchanan, Joseph's Coat, Martha Washing- 

 ton, President Lincoln, and Augusta (Hallock). 



Meanwhile Luther Burbank had been breeding gladioli, and about 

 1890, after twelve years of experimenting, he placed on the market a 

 strain the flowers of which had greater substance, and therefore withstood 

 the bright sun and dry atmosphere of California much better, than the 

 older types. This strain had strong, stiff stems which were not so tall 

 as in the usual types, but the flowers were large and had all the usual 

 colors. Among the varieties were California, Cisco, Mariposa, Santa 

 Rosa, Shasta, and Yolo. Later, probably in the following year, Igo, 

 Modesto, Mono, and Pohono were added to the list. The price of Cali- 

 fornia and Santa Rosa was $2 a conn, but the set of ten varieties was 

 offered at $8. Unnamed seedlings and seed were offered for sale. The 

 variety California was remarkable from the fact that the flowers were 

 arranged close together all around the stem. The development of a num- 

 ber of similar varieties in France may possibly have started from this sin- 

 gular variety developed by Burbank. The variety California was notable 

 also in another respect, and that was its habit of sometimes producing 

 double flowers. If this tendency appeared when the variety was grown 

 outside of California it does not seem to have impressed lovers of the 

 flower, for nothing resulted from it. 



The work of Matthew Crawford began about 1880, but he did not 

 catalog gladioli until 1888. Prior to 1891 he offered his gladioli in mix- 

 tures. The first seedlings which he named and introduced were Bertha, 

 Lulu, Mabel, and May, in 1891. In the subsequent years he offered 



